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Appendix III

names of these Tartar monarchs. But the term ti hao may well be the equivalent of 尊號 tsun hao the Imperial title, the confusion being caused by two sets of Emperors, either Sung and Liao or Sung and Chin, reigning at the same time.]

254C.	逮	滅	遼	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	when the Liao dynasty was destroyed,
	Tai⁴	mieh⁴	liao²
	Reach	destroy	Liao

Tai see line 235.

Mieh see line 245.

Liao see line 254a.

254D.	宋	猶	存	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	the Sung dynasty still remained.
	Sung⁴	yu²	ts'un²
	Sung	still	keep

Sung see line 227.

Yu see line 290.

Ts'un is composed of 子 tzŭ son as radical, and 才 ts'ai (line 49) as phonetic, and originally meant to enquire compassionately. It now means to keep, to preserve, to be alive, etc. [The Sungs, after the destruction of the Liaos (line 254), found themselves on even worse terms of hostility with the Chins, whose rulers had taken the Imperial title.]

254E.	至	元	興	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	When the Yüan dynasty arose,
	Chih⁴	yüan²	hsing¹
	Arrive	yüan	arise

Chih see line 94.

Yüan is composed of 一 i one, and 兀 wu which originally meant high and level. Hence it means beginning, origin. It here stands for the Mongol dynasty, the foundations of which were laid by Genghis Khan, the first actual Emperor being Kublai Khan, A.D. 1260–1295. It was formerly classed under