Board of Works. He fought again at the siege of Ta-ling-ho, but was reprimanded by T'ai-tsung in 1633 for incompetence in military operations. After another year of warfare he became (1635) the object of an imperial lecture on the value of daily exercise and the dangers of a life of pleasure. During the next year (1636) he, together with Ajige [q. v.], fought fifty-six battles and won an equal number of victories.
Having received in 1636 the title of Jao-yü 饒餘 beile, he took part in the Manchu military operations and was apparently co-operative until 1641 when he was again deprived of rank for leaving the field at the siege of Chin-chou. The sentence was commuted to the payment of a fine of 2,000 taels silver. Within a few months he contributed to the defeat of the Chinese general, Hung Ch'êng-ch'ou [q. v.], and the capture of Chin-chou. In 1642 he was appointed commander-in-chief of an expedition into China, with the title of Fêng-ming Ta Chiang-chün 奉命大將軍. What followed was an outstanding feat of warfare—a march from the Great Wall south through Chihli and Shantung in sixty days (November 27, 1642–January 27, 1643). He ravaged, at the same time, portions of Kiangsu. He is reported to have taken ninety-four towns and cities, some 360,000 prisoners, and booty amounting to 12,000 taels gold and 2,200,000 taels silver. Although the Manchus again retired to the north of the Wall, this invasion disclosed the helpless condition of China and paved the way for the collapse which began two years later. In 1644 Abatai was made Chün-wang 郡王, a prince of the second degree. In the following year he commanded troops in Shantung, but died early in 1646, a few months after he returned to Peking. He was succeeded by his fourth son, Yolo [q. v.] who was made a prince of the first degree in 1657. In 1662 Abatai was given posthumously the rank of a prince of the first degree and nine years later was canonized as Min 敏. His third son, Bolo [q. v.], was a distinguished general, and his second son, Bohoto 博和託 (posthumous name 温良, d. 1648), was a prince of the fourth degree. Bohoto's son, Jangtai [q. v.] was also a great general.
[1/223/3b; 2/2/41b; 3/首8/3a; 34/129/1a; Backhouse and Bland, Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking, pp. 155–56.]
AI Nan-ying 艾南英 (T. 千子, H. 天傭子), Dec. 30, 1583–1646, Sept. 19?, scholar, was a native of Tung-hsiang, Kiangsi, and a chü-jên of 1624. Because of statements in his examination papers which were taken as ridiculing the eunuch, Wei Chung-hsien [q. v.], he was debarred for three successive periods (nine years) from competing in the Metropolitan examinations. Three years later (1627), when the eunuch was deprived of power, Ai was permitted to participate, but without success. In 1645, when Nanking fell and Kiangsi was over-run by the Manchus, he raised a small army to block the invaders. Failing in this, he fled to Fukien and joined the court of the Prince of T'ang (see under Chu Yü-chien) at Yen-p'ing where he died the following year. His collected works, in ten chüan, 天傭子集, T'ien-yung-tzǔ chi, were published in 1699 by his grandson, Ai Wei-kuang (艾爲珖, b. 1632). A geographical work by Ai Nan-ying, entitled 禹貢圖注, Yü-kung-t'u chu, is given notice in the Imperial Catalogue. Both works were placed in the category of prohibited books, but both are extant—the latter appearing in the Hsüeh-hai lei-pien (see under Ts'ao Jung). Ai Nan-ying is said to have written many other works which were lost in the turmoil of the time. He achieved a reputation in his day as a master of the prevailing examination essay known as pa-ku 八股.
[M. 1/288/16b; M. 41/13/6a; M. 59/55/1a; Tung-hsiang hsien chih' (1805) 11/26a, 21/31a; T'ien-yung-tzǔ chi, with portrait and nien-p'u; Ssǔ-k'u (see under Chi Yün), 14/2b, 49/8b; Goodrich, L. C., Literary Inquisition of Ch'ien-lung p. 219.]
AJIGE 阿濟格, Aug. 28, 1605–1651, Nov. 28, Prince Ying 英親王, was the twelfth son of Nurhaci [q. v.]. His mother was Empress Hsiao-lieh [q. v.] and he had two younger brothers, Dorgon and Dodo [qq. v.]. In 1625 he accompanied his half-brothers in a campaign against the Mongols, and in the following year was made a beile. Before Nurhaci died in 1626 he designated Ajige to be in control of one of the eight banners, but for some reason the order was never carried out by Nurhaci's successor, Abahai [q. v.]. Ajige was merely given several niuru in the two White Banners of his brothers, Dorgon and Dodo. Thereafter he assisted Abahai in various campaigns against neighboring countries. He took part in the invasion of China (1636), in the capture of the island, P'i-tao 皮島 (1637), in the siege of Chin-chou and Sung-shan (see under Hung Ch'êng-ch'ou and Tsu Ta-shou), and in the occupation of Ming cities and forts east of Shan-
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