tion of rubbings of inscriptions on stone, and specimens of the handwriting of great calligraphers for which he began a descriptive catalogue. This collection fell into the hands of a younger contemporary and fellow-townsman, Li Kuang-ying 李光暎 (T. 子中), who added more of his own. The latter's catalogue, comprising 16 chüan of notes from various sources, including Chu's comments, was completed in 1729 and published under the title 觀妙齋金石文攷略 Kuan-miao chai chin-shih wên k'ao-lüeh. Chu's grandson, the afore-mentioned Chu Tao-sun, also achieved fame as a poet, and was selected to compete in the second po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ examination of 1736 (see under Ch'ên Chao-lun) but failed. The family became so poor that the ancestral library, P'u-shu t'ing, was dispersed and the garden fell into ruins. In 1797 Juan Yüan [q. v.], then provincial commissioner of education in Chekiang, sponsored the restoration of the pavilion, P'u-shu-t'ing, as a memorial to the poet. At the same time an historical account of the site was compiled, under the title 竹垞小志 Chu-ch'a hsiao chih, 5 chüan, and a temple was erected to his memory near the site in 1867.
[1/489/15a; 2/71/2a; 3/118/9a; 4/45/14b; 20/1/00; 30/1/18a; 32/2/22a; Yang Ch'ien, 朱竹垞先生年譜 Chu Chu-ch'a Hsien-shêng nien-p'u; Ssŭ-k'u, 85/5a, 173/5a, 190/6a; 139/2b, 199/7a, 86/10a; Juan Yüan [q. v.], Liang Chê yu-hsüan lu (1890) 6/1a; Chao Chih-hsin [q. v.], T'an-lung lu; Shun-t'ien-fu chih (1886) 14/31a; 梅里志 Mei-li chih (1876) 6/10b, 9/10b, 10/7b, 10/8b, 10/14a, 15/15a; 呈送書目 Ch'êng-sung shu-mu MS vol. 10; Chu-ch'a hsing-shu (行述) in 丙子叢編 Ping-tzŭ ts'ung-pien.]
CHU Kuei 朱珪 (T. 石君, H. 南厓, 盤陀居士), Feb. 18, 1731–1807, Jan 13, official and scholar, younger brother of Chu Yün [q. v.], was a native of Ta-hsing (Peking). In 1748, when only eighteen sui, he received his chin-shih degree. After serving as compiler (1751) and as reader (1758) in the Hanlin Academy, he was made assistant examiner of the provincial examination in Honan (1759), and grain intendant of Fukien (1760–63). In 1763 he was promoted to the post of provincial judge of Fukien, but at the death of his father in the following year he returned to his home in Peking. After observing the period of mourning he was appointed provincial judge of Hupeh (1767), and later of Shansi (1768) where he was promoted to financial commissioner (1769–75). In 1775 he returned to the capital to become an expositor in the Hanlin Academy, and then a teacher of the emperor's sons in the Shang-shu fang (1776, see under Yin-chên) attending especially to the education of Yung-yen [q. v.] who later succeeded to the throne as Emperor Jên-tsung. In 1779 he was one of the chief proofreaders of the Ssŭ-k'u Commission (see under Chi Yün). Later in the same year he was in charge of the provincial examination in Fukien and, in the following year, succeeded his brother, Chu Yün, as commissioner of education in Fukien. During his two years in that province he did much to improve scholarship. Owing to his encouragement many students were elevated to public recognition, and ten became known collectively as the Shih Ts'ai-tzŭ 十才子 or "Ten Geniuses", one of the number being Chang T'êng-chiao 張騰蛟 (T. 孟詞, 1760-1795), chin-shih of 1793.
Upon his return to the capital in 1782 Chu Kuei was made supervisor of Imperial Instruction, and sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat (1784). Later he served as vice-president of the Board of Ceremonies (1786-88) and of the Board of Civil Office (1788–90), and in the same period took charge of the provincial examination of Kiangnan (1786) and served as commissioner of education in Chekiang (1786–89). In 1789 he returned to the capital to serve as junior vice-president of the Board of Civil Office, to which rank he had been promoted in the previous year. In 1790 he was appointed governor of Anhwei where he was long remembered for his achievements in flood relief in the northern areas of that province (1790), for his tact, and for his efforts to mitigate the influence of certain heterodox religious sects. In 1794 he was made governor of Kwangtung, and two years later (1796) governor-general of Kwangtung and Kwangsi. At the accession of Emperor Jên-tsung earlier in 1796 it was expected that Chu Kuei would be made a Grand Secretary, but his further promotion was secretly foiled by Ho-shên [q. v.]. Only two months after he became governor-general he was charged with neglect of duty—more specifically with failure to restrain the pirates of Kwangtung who had harassed the coast of Fukien and Chekiang. Consequently he was degraded to his former post as governor of Anhwei (1796–99). In 1797 he was concurrently made, at first, president of the Board
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