plete Library in Four Branches of Literature", because the works to be included were classified according to the four recognized divisions of Chinese literature, namely, Classics (ching 經), History (shih 史), Philosophy (tzŭ 子), and Belles-lettres (chi 集). Four sets of the Manuscript Library, each comprising more than 36,000 volumes, were completed in 1785 and three others early in 1788. Fourteen works, comprising 332 chüan, were copied from Chu Yün's private library, not including those that he and the governor of Anhwei submitted.
During his term as commissioner of education in Anhwei, Chu Yün edited and reprinted the well-known etymological dictionary, Shou-wên chieh-tzŭ (see under Tuan Yü-ts'ai) which was completed in 100 A.D. and presented to the throne in 121 A.D. He memorialized recommending that the Thirteen Classics be authentically inscribed on stones to be erected in the Imperial Academy (國子監). This suggestion was not put into effect until 1791 when the stones were carved in the facsimile calligraphy of Chiang Heng 蔣衡 (original ming 振生 T. 湘帆, 1672–1743), who had previously written the characters in a style the emperor approved. During the years 1774 to 1779 Chu Yün served on the Ssŭ-k'u Commission. He also assisted in the compilation of the Jih-hsia chiu-wên k'ao (see under Chu I-tsun). Owing to his service in many educational posts, he had a large number of admirers who regarded themselves as his pupils, among whom may be mentioned Wang Chung, Wu I, Hung Liang-chi, Sun Hsing-yen, Huang Ching-jên, Chang Hsüeh-ch'êng, and Wang Hui-tsu [qq. v.]. Other prominent contemporary scholars such as Wang Nien-sun, Shao Chin-han, and Tai Chên [qq. v.] were his friends, and worked with him at one time or another as his private secretaries.
A collection of his prose writings in 16 chüan, entitled 笥河文集 Ssŭ-ho wên-chi, was edited by his second son, Chu Hsi-kêng 朱錫庚 (T. 少白, b. 1762, chü-jên of 1788), and printed in 1815. His collected poems in 20 chüan, entitled Ssŭ-ho shih-chi (詩集), were printed earlier. Seventy-two poems, written by him in 1745 (age 17 sui), were printed in 1928 in the 殷禮在斯堂叢書 Yin-li tsai-ssŭ t'ang ts'ung-shu, under the title 乙丑集 I-ch'ou chi.
[3/128/22a; 10/23/13b; 20/3/00 (portrait); 29/5/17b; Nien-p'u by Lo Chi-tsu 羅繼組 (1931); Nien-p'u by Yao Ming-ta 姚名逹 (1933); Nien-p'u by Wang Lan-yin 王蘭蔭 in 師大月刊 Shih-ta yüeh-k'an, vol. I, no. 2; 蕭山縣志稿 Hsiao-shan hsien-chih kao (1935), chüan 18.]
CH'U-yen. See under Cuyen.
CH'U-ying. See under Cuyen.
CH'Ü Shih-ssŭ 瞿式耜 (T. 起田, H. 稼軒, 耘野), Sept. 6, 1590–1651, Jan. 8, Ming loyalist, was a native of Ch'ang-shu, Kiangsu, a descendant of a noted family of officials and scholars. His grandfather, Ch'ü Ching-ch'un 瞿景淳 (T. 師道, H. 昆湖, d. 1569, a chin-shih of 1544), was in 1567 concurrently vice-president of the Board of Ceremonies, chancellor of the Hanlin Academy, and chief editor for the second transcription of the Yung-lo ta-tien (see under Chu Yün). His father, Ch'ü Ju-yüeh 瞿汝說 (T. 星卿, H. 達觀, 1565–1623, a chin-shih of 1601), was noted for his uprightness and incorruptibility. Ch'ü Shih-ssŭ became a chin-shih in 1616 and was appointed two years later magistrate of Yung-fêng, Kiangsi, where he encouraged classical studies and established a reputation for good administration. In 1621 he was ordered to be transferred to Chiang-ling, Hupeh, but the inhabitants of Yung-fêng insisted on retaining him. Two years later (1623) he returned home to mourn the death of his father, and about this time became interested in Christianity. A distant uncle, Ch'ü Ju-k'uei 瞿汝夔 (referred to in contemporary missionary accounts as Ch'ü T'ai-su 瞿太素), was one of the first followers of Matteo Ricci (see under Hsü Kuang-ch'i) and was baptized in 1605 by P. Jean de Rocha 羅如望 (T. 懷中, 1566–1623) in Nanking under the name Ignatius. A son of Ch'ü Ju-k'uei, named Chü Shih-ku 瞿式穀, baptized as Matthew, invited P. Jules Aleni 艾儒略 (T. 思及, 1582–1649) to Ch'ang-shu in 1623 to found a Christian church in that community. Ch'ü Shih-ssŭ was himself baptized by Aleni under the name Thomas (多默) and wrote a preface to Aleni's religio-psychological study, 性學觕述 Hsing-hsüeh ts'u-shu, 8 chüan (1623).
In 1628 Ch'ü Shih-ssŭ accepted an appointment as junior metropolitan censor, but before long was involved in the conflict that was raging between the Tung-lin party and the courtiers regarding the appointment of a Grand Secretary. The Tung-lin faction supported Ch'ien Ch'ien-i [q. v.] whereas the courtiers favored Chou Yen-ju (see under Chang P'u) and Wên T'i-jên (see under Chêng Man). Owing to the opposition
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