prominent were the youngest, Ebilun, and the eighth, Turgei 圖爾格 (1596–1645, posthumous name 忠義). Turgei took part in most of the campaigns in Emperor T'ai-tsung's reign, and was highly regarded by the emperor for his bravery, especially in 1640 when he defended the emperor's headquarters against a nocturnal attack by the forces of Hung Ch'êng-ch'ou [q. v.]. For assisting Abatai [q. v.] in the successful invasion of Chihli and Shantung, Turgei was in 1643 made a duke of the second class (see under Ebilun). Seven years after his death his name was, like that of his father, Eidu, entered in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
Among the other sons of Eidu the following may be mentioned: the third, Celge 車爾格 (d. 1645), who once directed the Board of Revenue (1640–43?); the tenth, Ildeng 宣(伊)爾登 (d. 1663, posthumous name 忠直), who fought in many battles and who held the rank of an earl; and the thirteenth, Coohar 綽(超)哈爾 (1601–1641, posthumous name 果壯), who lost his life in battle. Among the grandsons of Eidu the most illustrious was Centai 辰(陳)泰 (d. 1655, posthumous name, 忠襄). A son of Celge, Centai once served as a Grand Secretary (1651), and was made a viscount while commanding (1653–55) the Manchu forces in Hunan against Sun K'o-wang [q. v.] and other Ming generals. Many other descendants of Eidu held office throughout the Ch'ing period. The prominence of the family may also be gauged by the fact that eight of the eighteen companies (tso-ling) in the first division (ts'an-ling) of the Bordered Yellow Banner were captained in turn by his descendants.
[1/231/1a; 2/4/1b; 3/261/13a; 4/3/1a; 11/1/4a; 34/135/4a; Pa-ch'i Man-chou shih-tsu t'ung-p'u (see under Anfiyanggû) chüan 5.]
Ê-i-tu. See under Eidu.
Ê-lê-têng-pao (Eldemboo) 額勒(爾)登保, 1748–1805, Oct. 13, clan name Gûalgiya 瓜爾佳, Duke Wei-yung (威勇公), general, was a native of Kirin City (then known as Ula 烏拉), Kirin. He was conscripted for the army and was sent to Yunnan in 1768 to fight the Burmese. From 1773 to 1776 he fought in Szechwan against the Chin-ch'uan rebels (see under A-kuei), winning the rank of an Imperial Bodyguard and the title of Horonggu Baturu 和隆武巴圖魯. For the next seven years (1776–83) he was in Peking, serving as an Imperial Bodyguard. In 1784 he served under Fu-k'ang-an and Hai-lan-ch'a [qq. v.] in the campaign against the Muslim uprising in Kansu; and three years later, in the expedition to Taiwan (see under Ch'ai Ta-chi). After the campaign in Taiwan was over he was rewarded by having his portrait placed in the Tzŭ-kuang-ko (see under Chao-hui). In 1791 he was sent to Tibet to serve in the campaign against the Gurkas (see under Fu-k'ang-an) and for a time acted as Imperial Agent at Lhasa. In the following year he went with the army into Nepal, and was commander of the rear guard after peace was made. For his exploits in this campaign another portrait of him was placed in the Tzŭ-kuang-ko, and he was appointed deputy lieutenant general of a Banner. In 1795 he was raised to a lieutenant general.
When the Miao tribesmen on the Kweichow-Szechwan-Hunan border rebelled in 1795 Fuk'ang-an specifically asked to have Ê-lê-têng-pao and Tê-lêng-t'ai [q. v.] sent there to assist him in fighting against the rebels. After a year of warfare Fu-k'ang-an and his successor, Ho-lin [q. v.], died in quick succession. Ê-lê-têng-pao contracted malaria and dysentery and was compelled to rest for two months in western Hunan. As soon as he recovered he led his men to the advance on Kweichow. Early in 1797 the rebellion of the Miao tribesmen was crushed, chiefly through the efforts of Ê-lê-têng-pao. He was rewarded with the hereditary rank of a marquis and the designation Wei-yung (see above). By this time he already held the exalted rank of a chamberlain of the Imperial Bodyguard. After the Miao tribesmen were pacified he was immediately transferred to Hupeh, to join the armies that were then fighting against the rebels known as Pai-lien chiao 白蓮教, or White Lotus Sect.
The Pai-lien-chiao was the name of a secret religious society which staged a rebellion against the Mongols as early as the Yüan period (middle of the fourteenth century), and again in the sixteen-twenties of the Ming period. Both revolts took place in Honan and parts of the adjacent provinces. The society was not wholly suppressed but continued as an under-cover religious movement among the farmers of that region. About 1775 the leader of the society. Liu Sung (see under Lê-pao), revived its activities but he was detected and sent into exile. Liu's disciples, particularly Liu Chih-hsieh 劉之協, continued
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