following year in rearranged form and with additional documents, under the title 授衣廣訓 Shou-i kuang-hsün, 2 chüan.
About the year 1753 Fang Kuan-ch'êng published the works of his grandfather, of his father, and of himself under the collective title, 修本堂詩集 Hsiu-pên t'ang shih-chi. It comprises five collections of verse by Fang Têng-i; two collections of verse and the above-mentioned Lung-sha chi-lüeh, by Fang Shih-chi; and eight collections of verse by himself. About 1809 three collections of Fang's later verse were published under the title, Hsiu-pên t'ang shih hsü (續) chi by his son, Fang Wei-tien 方維甸 (T. 南耦, H. 葆巖, 1756–1815).
The official career of Fang Wei-tien was similar to that of his father. He was first made a secretary of the Grand Secretariat (1776), and then served for three times as a secretary to Fu-k'ang-an [q. v.] on the latter's campaigns in Kansu (1784), Taiwan (1787) and Tibet (1791). After various promotions he became governor-general of Fukien and Chekiang (1809–10). He was canonized as Hsiang-ch'in 襄勤. His son, Fang Ch'uan-mu 方傳穆 (T. 彥和, H. 仲雯), was a chin-shih of 1819 and a member of the Hanlin Academy. According to the 桐城耆舊傳 T'ung-ch'êng ch'i-chiu chuan, written by Ma Ch'i-ch'ang 馬其昶 (T. 通伯, 1855–1929), and comprising biographies of famous men of T'ung-ch'êng, Fang Kuan-ch'êng was a noted calligrapher, and his father, Fang Shih-chi, excelled in painting.
[1/134/9a; 1/330/1a; 2/17/41b; 3/75/1a; Hsiu-pên t'ang shih-chi; 記桐城方戴兩家書案 Chi T'ung-ch'êng Fang-Tai liang-chia shu-an in 古學彙刊 Ku-hsüeh hui-k'an; Hsü Ao 徐璈 (compiler), 桐舊集 T'ung-chiu chi, chüan 1–3; Ma Ch'i-ch'ang, T'ung-ch'êng ch'i-chiu chuan 9/8b.]
FANG Pao 方苞 (T. 鳳九, H. 靈皋, 望溪), May 25, 1668–1749, Sept. 29, scholar, was born near Nanking and lived most of his life in that city, but prior to the unrest at the close of the Ming period the ancestral home of the family was at T'ung-ch'êng, Anhui. In his youth he studied under his father and his elder brother, Fang Chou 方舟 (T. 百川, 1665–1701), and took his preliminary examinations in T'ung-ch'êng and Anking. After becoming a senior licentiate, he went to Peking (1691) and enrolled in the Imperial Academy. Soon his talents as a prose writer were applauded by many scholars, then in Peking, such as Han T'an, Li Kuang-ti, Wan Ssŭ-t'ung and Chiang Ch'ên-ying [qq. v.]. There he became acquainted with the philosopher, Li Kung [q. v.], and had several disciples, among them Tai Ming-shih [q. v.]. For several years he taught in family schools in Cho-chou, Chihli; in Peking; and later in Pao-ying, Kiangsu. In 1699 he became a chieh-yüan, 解元, or the highest chü-jên, in the provincial examination of Kiangnan. Although he was successful in the metropolitan examination for chin-shih in 1706, when he learned that his mother was ill, he returned home without taking the palace examination. In the following year his father died and he mourned according to the ancient rites.
Three years later (1711) there occurred the literary inquisition regarding the work known as 南山集 Nan-shan chi by Tai Ming-shih—and in this episode Fang Pao was either consciously or unwittingly involved. Fang and Tai were fellow-townsmen who had achieved fame as writers and had known each other for some time: The Nan-shan chi contained a preface signed by Fang, or else was falsely attributed to him. Moreover, a fellow-clansman of Fang's, named Fang Hsiao-piao (see under Tai Ming-shih), had written a work about the rebellion of Wu San-kuei [q. v.] which was mentioned in Tai's writings. For these, or other reasons, the entire Fang family, including Fang Pao, were imprisoned. During his incarceration Fang himself was unperturbed and continued his studies. When the case was finally settled in 1713 Tai was executed, and Fang Pao and his entire family were uprooted from their ancestral home to serve as nominal slaves to bannermen in Peking or to be banished to Heilungkiang. It is said that Li Kuang-ti influenced the emperor to spare Fang's life on the plea that he had scholarship, and ability as a writer.
After his release Fang was ordered to serve in the Imperial Study (see under Chang Ying) and later was transferred to the studio, Mêng-yang chai 蒙養齋, in the emperor's country villa, Ch'ang-ch'un yüan (see under Hsüan-yeh) where works on astronomy, mathematics and music were compiled. There he became acquainted with Hsiu-yüan-mêng (see under Shu-ho-tê) and Ku-tsung (see under Gubadai), two Manchus who were devoted to classical study and who often invited Fang to explain the texts of the Classics on Rites. Among his other colleagues were Ho Kuo-tsung and Mei Ku-ch'êng [qq. v.]. In 1722 Fang was appointed director of the edi-
235
