1776 Emperor Kao-tsung canonized him as Chung-ch'êng 忠誠.
[M.3/260/1a; M.36/6/1a; M.41/8/14a; 15/1b, 10b, 30a, 16/5a; M.64/辛9/1a; Li-p'ing fu chih (1891) 7上/34b, 119b.]
HOHORI 何和禮 (or 和和理), 1561–1624, Sept. 2, was the chieftain of a small group of Warka 瓦爾喀 Jurjen who had moved westward to Donggo 棟鄂 and adopted the place-name as the designation for their clan. Hohori's grandfather, Kece bayan 克徹巴顏, came into conflict with the ancestors of Nurhaci [q. v.], then known as the ningguta (six) beile, who lived in the neighborhood of Hetu ala to the northwest. The frequent raids which the Donggo clan made on the six beile led them to seek the aid of the Hada with whom several matrimonial alliances were formed, including the marriage of a son of Socangga 索長阿, grand-uncle of Nurhaci, to a daughter of Wan [q. v.]. In 1588 the Hada chieftain gave his sister in marriage to Nurhaci; and Hohori, who had become chieftain in his own clan two years previously, led a group of thirty horsemen as escort for the maiden on her journey. Hohori decided upon Nurhaci's invitation to join forces with him. He married Nurhaci's eldest daughter and in 1601 was given a prominent place in the Red Banner. In 1608 he took part in the expedition against the Ula tribe (see under Bujantai) and in 1611 accompanied Eidu and Hûrhan [qq. v.] in the campaign against the Weji 渥集 tribe. Two years later he helped with the final conquest of the Ula. In 1615 he became commander of the Plain Red Banner and concurrently one of the Five Councilors, the others being Eidu, Hûrhan, Fiongdon, and Anfiyanggû [qq. v.]. He led his troops with distinction in the battle against the armies sent by Yang Hao [q. v.] in 1619 and in the capture of Shên-yang and Liao-yang two years later. For reward he was given the hereditary rank of a third class viscount. In 1624 he died, having outlived the other four members of Nurhaci's original council. Deeply mourned, he was posthumously elevated under T'ai-tsung to the rank of duke of the third class. In 1655 he was canonized as Wên-shun 温順 and in 1731 there was added to his hereditary rank the designation "Courageously Diligent" (勇勤 Yung-ch'in).
Of Hohori's six sons the fourth, Hošotu 和碩圖 (1594–1633), married a daughter of Daišan [q. v.] and was commander of the Plain Red Banner until his death in 1633. Dojiri 多積理, second son of Hohori, had a brilliant military career and died in 1648. The fifth son, Dulei 都類 (d. 1656), whose mother was Nurhaci's eldest daughter, became commander of the Plain Red Banner. He was given a second class earldom. A great-grandson of Hohori, and sixth inheritor of his dukedom, was General Pengcun [q. v.] who fought against the Russians on the Amur in the 1680's.
[1/231/5b; 3/262/1a; 4/3/13a; 11/1/19b; 34/164/1a.]
HOU Fang-yü 侯方域 (T. 朝宗), Mar.–Apr. 1618–1655 Jan.–Feb., man of letters, was a native of Shang-ch'iu, Honan. His grandfather, Hou Chih-p'u 侯執蒲 (T. 以康, d. 1641 age 74 sui), was a chin-shih of 1598. Both his father, Hou Hsün 侯恂 (T. 若谷) and his uncle, Hou K'o 侯恪 (T. 若木, 若樸, d. 1635 age 43 sui), became chin-shih in 1616. All obtained official preferment under the Mings, and as members of the politico-literary party known as Tung-lin 東林, endured persecution when the eunuch, Wei Chung-hsien [q. v.], was in power. Hou Fang-yü was a pupil of Ni Yüan-lu [q. v.]. He was with his father in Peking when the latter was made president of the Board of Revenue in 1633. There he was initiated into current politics and earned fame as a young literary genius. In 1639 he went to Nanking to compete in the examinations, but his name was erased from the list of successful candidates because of failure to observe certain restrictions against the use of taboo characters. A brilliant young man of good family, he together with Fang I-chih, Ch'ên Chên-hui, and Mao Hsiang [qq. v.] came to be known as the "Four Esquires" (四公子). When he returned to his native place in 1640 he organized the Hsüeh-yüan shê 雪苑社 as a branch of the politico-literary society called the Fu-shê 復社. When the forces of Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.] ravaged his native province in 1642 his father was given authority to suppress the rebels. But unwilling to employ the drastic measures suggested by his son, he failed to cope with the situation and moved the entire family to the south of the afflicted area. When Juan Ta-ch'êng [q. v.] came into power in the government which Prince Fu (see under Chu Yu-sung) headed in Nanking in 1644, he initiated a wholesale arrest of the Fu-shê members but Hou Fang-yü managed to escape to Yangchow where he took refuge in the
291
