近三百年學術史 Chung-kuo chin san-pai-nien hsüeh-shu shih, pp. 112–13; Ssŭ-k'u, 6/6b, 12/8b, 36/6a; Hsia Ting-yü 夏定域, 德清胡朏明先生年譜 Tê-ch'ing Hu Fei-ming hsien-shêng nien-p'u in 文瀾學報 Wên-lan hsüeh-pao (1936) vol. II, no. 1.]
HUAI-tsung. Temple name of Chu Yu-chien [q. v.].
HUANG Chi 黃機 (T. 次辰, H. 雪臺), d. 1686 age 75 (sui), official and scholar, was a native of Ch'ien-t'ang (Hangchow). He became a chin-shih in 1647 and after a period of study in the Hanlin Academy was in 1649 made a compiler of the second class in the Hung-wên yüan 宏文院. In 1651 he was appointed examiner for Kiangnan. After serving in various official capacities he was in 1667 made president of the Board of Ceremonies, and after a number of promotions became in 1682 a Grand Secretary, acting concurrently as president of the Board of Civil Office. He retired in 1683, and died at home three years later. After his death he was given the title of Grand Tutor and the posthumous name Wên-hsi 文僖. Huang Chi was noted for his consistent character and for his long official career lasting about forty years. He was a skillful calligrapher; and left a collection of poems, entitled 浥露堂集 I-lu t'ang chi, not known to have been printed.
[1/256/7b; 2/5/44b; 3/3/39a; 24/1/1a; Hangchow fu-chih (1922) 125/1a.]
HUANG Ching-jên 黃景仁 (T. 仲則, 漢鋪, H. 悔存, 鹿菲子), Feb. 20, 1749–1783, May 25, one of the foremost poets of the Ch‘ing period, was a descendant of the Sung poet and calligrapher, Huang T'ing-chien 黃庭堅 (T. 魯直, H. 涪翁, 1045–1105). In the fifteenth century a branch of the family settled in Wuchin, Kiangsu. Huang Ching-jên, a fourteenth generation descendant of this branch, was born at Kao-ch'un, Kiangsu, where his grandfather was a sub-director of the district school. When he was three years old his father died, and his early education devolved on his mother and grandfather. At seven sui he moved to Wu-chin and then first met Hung Liang-chi [q. v.], a neighbor three years his senior, who later became a famous writer and a life-long friend. In 1760 Huang's grandfather died, and the family became poor. About the year 1763 he began to concentrate on the writing of verse and in 1765 took his hsiu-ts'ai degree. In the following year he and Hung Liang-chi began to take an interest in each other's poems, and in 1767 both became pupils of the scholar, Shao Ch'i-tao 邵齊燾 (T. 荀慈, H. 叔宀, 1717–1768), a chin-shih of 1742, who was the head of the Lung-ch'êng Academy 龍城書院 in Wu-chin. Shao was very fond of both pupils. Finding Huang Ching-jên depressed in spirit because of poverty, and devoted in his writing to pessimistic themes, Shao encouraged him to look at the brighter side of life. In 1768 Huang went to Shê-hsien, Anhwei, and thereafter travelled in Chekiang, Kiangsi, and Hunan. During his stay in Hunan (1769–1770) he was a guest of the Provincial judge, Wang Tai-yüeh 王太岳 (T. 基平, H. 芥子, 1722–1785, chin-shih of 1742), who was also a poet.
In 1771 Huang was engaged as a secretary by Chu Yün [q. v.], then commissioner of education of Anhwei. Among his secretarial colleagues were such scholars and poets as Hung Liang-chi, Wang Nien-sun, Shao Chin-han, Chang Hsüeh-ch'êng, Tai Chên, and Wang Chung [qq. v.]. Huang's poems won him fame even in this galaxy of talented men. In 1775, after teaching for a time in the Chêng-yang Academy 正陽書院 at T'ai-p'ing, Anhwei, he went to Peking. In the following year Emperor Kao-tsung summoned a group of licentiates (諸生) to Tientsin for competition in a special examination to commemorate the subjugation of the Chin-ch'uan aborigines (see under A-kuei). Huang Ching-jên passed as one of the second class and obtained a post as copyist in the Imperial Printing Establishment (see under Chin Chien). He remained in Peking, became a pupil of Wang Ch'ang [q. v.], established friendships with a large number of writers, including Wêng Fang-kang and Chi Yün [qq. v.], and won fame not only by his verses but also by his calligraphy and painting. In 1777 his mother, wife, and children joined him in Peking and remained there three years.
Although Huang had become a hsiu-ts'ai, he failed repeatedly in the provincial examinations. Unable to obtain a lucrative post, he became poorer, and finally was forced to send his family home (1780) while he himself accepted a position as secretary to Ch'êng Shih-ch'un 程世淳 (T. 端立, H. 澂江, 1738–1823), commissioner of education of Shantung. In 1781 he went to Sian, Shensi, where he sought financial help from the scholarly governor-general, Pi Yüan [q. v.].
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