The people of Chang-ch'iu were fond of litigation and during his brief tenure more than two thousand cases were brought to court. His decisions were usually accepted as final. In 1826 there was a famine in the district of Kuan-t'ao, Shantung, and the district magistrate, fearful of an uprising, deserted his post. Chang Ch'i, being sent as acting magistrate, immediately started relief by distribution of grain to the poor. Two years later (1828) he was made magistrate of the district and remained there until his death.
Chang Ch'i's collected writings, entitled 宛鄰集 Wan-lin chi, 7 chüan, printed in 1840, consist of his verse, in 2 chüan, prose in 2 chüan, poems in irregular metre, 立山詞 Li-shan tz'ŭ, 1 chüan; life sketches and funerary inscriptions by his friends, 明發錄 Ming-fa lu, 1 chüan, and poems by his wife, 蓬室偶吟 P'êng-shih ou-yin, 1 chüan. This collection was reprinted in 1910 in the collectanea, Ch'ang-chou hsien-chê i-shu, hou pien (see under Shao Ch'ang-hêng). Chang Ch'i compiled an anthology of verse from the Han to the Sui dynasties inclusive, under the title 宛鄰書屋古詩錄 Wan-lin shu-wu ku-shih lu (commonly known as Ku-shih lu), 12 chüan, with a preface by himself dated 1815. He and his brother when they were teaching at Shê-hsien compiled an anthology of verse in irregular metre, entitled Tz'ŭ-hsüan (see under Chang Hui-yen). The last mentioned two works, together with the Chan-kuo ts'ê shih-ti and the Su-wên shih-i, were later included in the collectanea Wan-lin shu-wu ts'ung-shu (叢書) compiled by his descendants. [The gazetteer, 建寧府志 Chien-ning fu-chih, 48 chüan, which is sometimes attributed to him, was in reality compiled by another Chang Ch'i 張琦 (T. 佩玉), a chin-shih of 1670, who was prefect of Chien-ning in 1690.] Chang Ch'i was an accomplished calligrapher, noted for his skill in the official (li), the regular (k'ai), and the cursive (hsing) styles. He combined the gracefulness of the Han official writing with the vigor of the Northern Wei, and so formed a distinctive style. He was considered the equal of Têng Shih-ju [q. v.] in the li and of Pao Shih-ch'ên in the k'ai and hsing styles.
His four daughters were writers who achieved literary fame: the eldest, Chang Ch'ieh-ying 張䌌英 (T. 孟緹), married Wu T'ing-chên 吳廷鉁 (T. 偉卿, original ming 亮疇, later changed to 贊), chin-shih of 1826, and published a collection of verse, entitled 澹鞠軒詩稿 Tan-chü hsüan shih-kao, 4 chüan; the second, Chang Kuan-ying 張𥿑英 (T. 緯青, d. 1824, age 30 sui), left a work entitled 緯青遺稿 Wei-ch'ing i-kao, 1 chüan, the third, Chang Lun-ying 張綸英 (T. 婉川), was one of the best-known women calligraphers of the Ch'ing period and left a collection of verse entitled 綠槐書屋詩稿 Lü-huai shu-wu shih-kao, 5 chüan; and the fourth, Chang Wan-ying 張紈英 (T. 若綺) was both a poet and an essayist whose prose collection was published under the title 餐楓館文集 Ts'an fêng kuan wên-chi, 3 chüan, and verse under the title 鄰雲友月之居詩集 Lin-yün yu-yüeh chih-chü shih-chi, 4 chüan. Chang Wan-ying married Wang Hsi 王曦, a descendant of Wang Yüan-ch'i [q. v.], and gave birth to four daughters, all of whom became noted poetesses. Chang Ch'i's second son, Chang Yüeh-sun 張曜孫 (T. 仲遠, b. 1807), who married the daughter of Pao Shih-ch'ên, specialized in the study of medicine. Chang Yüeh-sun edited the poems of his sisters, under the title 毘陵四女集, P'i-ling Ssŭ-nü chi.
[1/484/10b, 513/19b, 20a–b; 2/76/6b; 3/247/50a; 5/41/10a; 7/54/20a; 21/9/2b–4a; 26/3/42b; 29/9/2a.]
CHANG Chieh-pin 張介賓 (T. 會卿, H. 景岳, 通一子), 1563–1640, physician, was a native of Shan-yin (Shaohsing), Chekiang. At the age of thirteen or fourteen (sui) he went to Peking where his father, a member of one of the most influential families of the Ming dynasty, was honorary advisor to a high military official. There he came into contact with many distinguished scholars, and soon developed a passion for learning in general and medicine in particular. He first studied with chin Mêng-shih 金夢石, a physician in the capital, from whom he received a thorough training. While still a young man he went to the northeastern border of China and even to Korea as advisor to the Chinese army. Upon his return to Peking several years later he resumed his studies in medicine and began to practice in the capital. Contrary to the prevailing custom, he paid more attention to the cause than to the symptoms of disease and as a result, he cured many diseases which had formerly been regarded as incurable. His reputation spread and there was a great demand for his services, not only in the capital but outside. In 1620, after the death of Emperor Shên-tsung, he returned to his native province where he spent the rest of his life, mostly in writing.
Chang's first book on medicine, entitled 類經 Lei-ching, in 32 chüan, with supplements in 15
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