humous name, Wên-ch'in 温勤. He is said to have prepared a volume of collected essays and poems, but it is doubtful whether it was ever printed. A compilation of his on the art of drinking, 勝飲篇 Shêng-yin p'ien, in 18 chüan, was printed in the Yüeh-ya-t'ang ts'ung-shu (see under Wu Ch'ung-yüeh) in 1853. It was probably first printed in 1710. This, and a minor work on the scholars whose tablets were placed in the temple of Confucius, entitled 文廟從祀先賢先儒考 Wên-miao ts'ung-ssŭ hsien-hsien hsien-ju k'ao, were given notice in the Imperial Catalogue (see under Chi Yün).
The porcelain ware of Ching-tê-chên manufactured under the direction of Lang T'ing-chi is also known as K'ang-hsi tz'ŭ 康熙磁 after the reign title of Emperor Shêng-tsu who encouraged Lang in the work. In the following two reign periods (Yung-chêng and Ch'ien-lung), two officials were famous in the manufacture of porcelain at Ching-tê-chên: Nien Hsi-yao (see under Nien Kêng-yao) and T'ang Ying 唐英 (T. 俊公, 叔子, H. 蝸寄老人). Especially celebrated were the latter's products, known as T'ang-yao. T'ang was a Chinese, a member of the Plain White Banner, who had served from boyhood as a page in the Court of Emperor Shêng-tsu. In 1723, after being a servant for more than twenty years, he was apppointed a secretary in the Imperial Household. He was connected with the imperial manufactory of porcelain at Ching-tê-chên from 1724 (1728?) to 1749. In the meantime he served as supervisor of customs at Huai-an (1736–38), at Kiukiang (1739–56?), and at Canton (1750–52). So enthusiastic was he about porcelain that he gave to his literary collection the title, 陶人心語 T'ao-jên hsin-yü, "Words from the Heart of a Porcelain Maker." It consists of 5 + 14 + 1 chüan and contains many articles concerning that industry.
[1/279/6a; 3/145/32a; 3/151/10b; 4/68/1b; Ssŭ-k'u, 83/6b, 133/2a; Ch'êng Chê 程哲, 窰器說 Yao ch'i shuo, in Chao-tai ts'ung-shu, 8th installment 40/8a; Têng Chih-ch'êng 鄧之誠, 骨董瑣記 Ku-tung so-chi (1926) 1/2b; Hobson, Chinese Pottery and Porcelain (1915), vol. II, pp. 118, 121, 122, and Later Ceramic Wares of China (1925), p. 51; T'oung Pao (1923), p. 54; Pa-ch'i wên-ching (see under Shêng-yü) 58/8a; Kiangsi t'ung-chih (1881) 14/4b, 16/1b, 93/10a; 淮安府志 Huai-an fu chih (1884) 12/6a; Kuangtung t'ung-chih (1872) 44/4b.]
LANG T'ing-tso 郎廷佐 (T. 一柱), d. 1676, official, was a member of the Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner. Beginning as a pupil in the Banner school, he served for a time as a clerk. In 1645 he became a sub-reader in the Grand Secretariat and later a reader. Appointed governor-general in Kiangsi in 1655, he was promoted to the post of governor-general of both Kiangnan (Kiangsu and Anhwei) and Kiangsi in the following year. When Chêng Ch'êng-kung [q. v.] invaded Kiangnan in 1659 Lang T'ing-tso and several other generals withstood him and finally defeated him at Nanking. In 1661 a separate governor-general was appointed for Kiangsi, after which Lang's jurisdiction extended over Kiangnan only. But when Kiangnan and Kiangsi were reunited in 1665 under one governor-general (兩江總督) he once more held that post until his retirement on account of illness in 1668. After the revolt of Kêng Ching-chung [q. v.] and the imprisonment of Fan Ch'êng-mo [q. v.] in 1674, Lang was ordered to take the latter's place as governor-general of Fukien. But because that province was in a state of rebellion, he maintained his headquarters with Giyešu [q. v.] at Chin-hua, Chekiang, where he died two years later. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Lang T'ing-hsiang 郎廷相 (d. 1688), who was dismissed in 1678 on a charge of incompetence.
[1/279/4b; 2/5/18a; 9/1/8b; Shêng-ching t'ung-chih (1784) 77/4b; 34/189/33a.]
LANGTAN 郎坦, 1634–1695, general, was a member of the Gûwalgiya clan and belonged to the Manchu Plain White Banner. A son of Ubai [q. v.], he was appointed an Imperial Bodyguard at the age of fourteen (sui) and in 1649 served in the war against Chiang Hsiang [q. v.] at Tatung, Shansi. He was discharged in 1651 because of his father's condemnation (see under Ubai), but his post was restored to him in the following year. In 1663 he succeeded to the family's hereditary captaincy and followed Tuhai [q. v.] to Hupeh to suppress bandits. At his father's death in 1665 Langtan succeeded to the hereditary rank of viscount of the first class. In 1680 he was made deputy lieutenant-general of the Mongolian Plain White Banner, and two years later was transferred to the Manchu Banner. In order to ascertain the real condition of the Russians at Albazin, Langtan was sent with Pengcun [q. v.], on the pretense of
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