Yü-ti chi-shêng (see under Wu Ch'ung-yüeh), but also wrote a criticism in 4 chüan of two early gazetteers of Chinkiang: 嘉定鎭江志 Chia-ting Chên-chiang chih, 22 chüan, compiled in the Chia-ting reign-period (1208–25); and Chih-shun (至順) Chên-chang chih, 21 chüan, compiled in the Chih-shun reign-period (1330–33). These gazetteers were printed with Liu's criticism about 1844 by a native merchant named Pao Liang-ch'êng 包良丞. Two other geographical works by Liu are entitled, 楚漢諸侯疆域考 Ch'u-Han chu-hou chiang-yü kao, 3 chüan (1876), and 揚州水道記 Yangchow shui-tao chi, 4 chüan (1845). The former is a study of the fiefs of the lords subject to Hsiang Chi 項籍 (T. 羽, 232–202, B.C.), a rival of the founder of the Former Han dynasty, Liu Pang 劉邦 (T. 季, posthumous title as Emperor 高祖, 247–195, B.C.); and the latter is a history of the water-courses in the Yangchow region. A collection of Liu's prose and verse was printed in 1883 in 11 chüan, under the title 青溪書屋集 Ch'ing-hsi shu-wu chi. It is reported that he also left a collection of miscellaneous notes, entitled 讀書隨筆 Tu-shu sui-pi, 20 chüan.
Liu Wên-ch'i's maternal uncle, and at the same time his master, Ling Shu 淩曙 (T. 曉樓, 1775–1829), was a private teacher in Yangchow, who late in life served as assistant to Juan Yüan and as a tutor to the latter's sons. As a critic of the Kung-yang Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals (see under Liu Fêng-lu) Ling Shu produced the Ch'un-ch'iu Kung-yang li-shu (禮疏), 11 chüan (1819), and a few other works. He also annotated the 春秋繁露 Ch'un-ch'iu fan-lu, 17 chüan, an ancient history written by Tung Chung-shu 董仲舒 (philosopher, second century B.C.) based on the Kung-yang Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals. Ling printed (1815) these annotations with the text of the Ch'un-ch'iu fan-lu. On the Four Books he wrote the 四書典故覈 Ssŭ-shu tien-ku ho, 4 chüan (1808). All the works by Ling Shu were collected under the title 斐雲閣淩氏叢書 Fei-yün ko Ling-shih ts'ung-shu (or simply Ling-shih ts'ung-shu) and were reprinted with a preface by Juan Yüan dated 1849. Five of Ling's works were printed in the Huang-Ch'ing ching-chieh and its continuation (see under Juan Yüan).
[1/488/21b; 2/69/41b; 5/74/2a; T'ung-i tang wên-chi (see under Liu Yü-sung) 6/66b; Ch'ing-hsi shu-wu chi (see above, with portrait); I-chih chai wên-ch'ao (see under Ting Yen); Preface to the Nan-pei-shih pu-chih (see under Wang Shih-to); for Ling Shu, 2/69/39a; 3/422/29a; 5/74/3a.]
LIU Yü-sung 劉毓崧, Mar. 29, 1818–1867, Sept. 6, scholar, was a native of I-chêng, Kiangsu, who made his home in Yangchow. After studying under his father, Liu Wên-ch'i [q. v.], he became in 1840 a licentiate and entered the Imperial Academy in Peking. Unable, however, to obtain an appointment, he returned to Yangchow and assisted his father in editing and collating the Yü-ti chi-shêng (see under Wu Ch'ung-yüeh), the Old History of the T'ang Dynasty, and two old gazetteers of Chinkiang (see under Liu Wên-ch'i). For a few years he served as tutor to the sons of Kuo P'ei-lin 郭沛霖 (T. 仲霽, H. 雨三, 1809–1859), assistant Salt Controller of the Yangchow region (1853–55). When Tsêng Kuo-fan [q. v.] established in 1864 the Kiangnan Printing Office at Nanking (see under Tsêng Kuo-fan), Liu was made the senior member of the staff. Thereafter, together with other scholars, he devoted his declining years to editing and printing numerous books which were known as Kiangnan Printing Office editions. Among them was the second edition of the Ch'uan-shan i-shu, comprising the collected works of Wang Fu-chih [q. v.]. This work was printed in 1864–66, and to it Liu appended a criticism in 2 chüan of the entire text. While engaged in these editorial tasks he compiled a chronological biography of Wang Fuchih, entitled Wang Ch'uan-shan hsien-shêng nien-p'u (see under Wang Fu-chih), 2 chüan.
Liu Yü-sung continued a critical study of the Ch'un-ch'iu Tso-shih chuan (see under Liu Wên-ch'i) which his father had begun, but, as he too failed to complete it, it was carried on by his descendants (see below). He left several works on the Classics, including the Ch'un-ch'iu Tso-shih chuan ta-i (大義), 2 chüan, most of which failed to be printed. His 尚書舊疏考證 Shang-shu chiu-shu k'ao-chêng and his Chou-i (周易) chiu-shu k'ao-chêng—brief criticisms of ancient comments on the Classic of History and on the Classic of Changes respectively—were collected in the Huang-Ch'ing ching-chieh hsü-pien (see under Juan Yüan). A collection of his prose was printed in 1888 in 7 chüan under the title 通義堂文集 Tung-i t'ang wên-chi, of which an enlarged edition in 16 chüan appeared in 1920.
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