recalled and the Treaty of Kiakhta was concluded by the other commissioners (see under Tulišen).
The recall of Lungkodo resulted from the discovery on his premises of a set of the 玉牒 Yü-tieh, or genealogy of the Imperial Family, which Lungkodo had received from Ablan 阿布蘭, a great-great-grandson of Cuyen [q. v.]. Ablan was a prince of the sixth degree and had once shown unusual respect for Yin-t'i. Possibly there was in this genealogy some hint that Yin-t'i had been designated heir to the throne. Naturally the Emperor could not tolerate that a former accomplice should be in possession of written evidence which might be used against him. Lungkodo was therefore ordered to explain, and because his answer was unsatisfactory, he was stripped of his dukedom, recalled from Mongolia, imprisoned and tried. In November 1727 he was found guilty on forty-one counts, of which the most significant are the following: (1) he had secretly kept in his possession a set of the Yü-tieh; (3) he had once implied in conversation that by his support of Emperor Shih-tsung to the throne he had signed his own death warrant; (6) he had stated that on the day Emperor Shih-tsu died he had kept a dagger at his side in order to guard against emergencies; (7) he had boasted of his power to summon twenty thousand soldiers, and that (8) he had guarded Emperor Shih-tsung against assassins; (13) he had been in collusion with K'uei-hsü [q. v.] and (14) had recommended Cha Ssŭ-t'ing [q. v.]; and (26 to 41) had received bribes amounting to more than half a million taels. For these "crimes" it was recommended that he should be cut in pieces. But the Emperor commuted the sentence to imprisonment for life and placed him in an enclosure comprising three specially constructed rooms, outside the garden-palace, Ch'ang-ch'un-yüan. His sons were discharged, and one was banished to Heilungkiang. His wife was fined the amount of the bribes he was supposed to have received, but it seems that this fine was not exacted, for the Emperor knew that Lungkodo's family could not pay such an enormous sum. In 1728 Lungkodo died and his family was probably exempted from the fine, for the Emperor granted a sum of 1,000 taels for the funeral.
Lungkodo was the author of an emergency defense plan for Peking, which he probably drew up early in Emperor Shih-tsung's reign to forestall a possible revolt of the Emperor's opponents. According to this plan, a signal corps was to be stationed at the White Dagoba (Pai-t'a-shan 白塔山) in the Pei Hai just north of the Palaces. This landmark, built in 1651, commanded a view of most of the Inner City, and the signal corps was equipped with guns, banners and lanterns. On orders of the emperor, signals would be sent out and all the princes, officers and men would rally at once to points previously designated. The plan was reprinted by Ying-ho [q. v.] under the title Pai-t'a-shan hsin-p'ao chang-ch'êng (信礮章程) with texts in Manchu and Chinese.
[1/301/1a; 2/13/6b; 7/1/20b; Pa-ch'i Man-chou shih-tsu t'ung-pu (see under Anfiyanggû) 20/2b; Ying-ho [q. v.], Ên-fu-t'ang pi-chi 上/23a; see bibliography under Nien Kêng-yao, Yin-chên and Tulišen.]
LUNG-wu. Reign-title of Chu Yü-chien [q. v.].
M
MA Hsin-i 馬新貽 (T. 穀山, H. 燕門, 鐵舫), Nov. 3, 1821–1870, Aug. 23, official, was a native of Ho-tsê (Ts'ao-chou), Shantung. He came from a Mohammedan family. A chin-shih of 1847, he was designated as suitable for the post of magistrate and was sent to Anhwei to await a vacancy. After serving as acting magistrate of Tai-ho (1849), Su-sung (1850–51), and Po-chou (1851–52), he was appointed magistrate of Chien-p'ing in 1852, and held that post until 1854. In the following year he was named acting magistrate of Ho-fei, seat of the prefect of Lu-chou-fu, and just then also the seat of the governor, since the provincial capital was temporarily in the hands of the Taipings. He fought and won several battles and his administration of civil affairs was highly appreciated by his superiors. In 1856 he was made acting prefect of Lu-chou-fu and in 1857 full prefect with the higher rank of an expectant intendant of a Circuit. In 1858, however, Ho-fei was taken by the Taipings under Ch'ên Yü-ch'êng [q. v.]. For this loss Ma was deprived of his titles and ranks, but was allowed to perform his duties. In 1859 his mother died, but he was not permitted to retire for the mourning period, being called by Yüan Chia-san [q. v.] to serve as quartermaster-general of the latter's forces at Fêng-yang, Anhwei. For several military successes he was restored to his rank of expectant intendant of a Circuit. In 1860 he became chief of a division in the military
554
