the first chüan dealing with poets and scholars in general, the second including only poets who were natives of Kwangtung. The miscellaneous prose works of Chang Wei-p'ing were printed under the collective title 松心文鈔 Sung-hsin wên-ch'ao, 10 chüan. His rhythmical prose, entitled 聽松廬駢體文鈔 T'ing-sung lu p'ien-t'i wên ch'ao, 4 chüan, was published with a preface dated 1843. His other works in prose are: 花甲閒談 Hua-chia hsien-t'an, 16 chüan (preface dated 1839), consisting of 32 paintings by a student, Yeh Mêng-ts'ao 葉夢草 (T. 生香, H. 春塘), depicting important incidents in the life of Chang Wei-p'ing with poems and essays relating to the incidents, which Chang and his friend had composed; 桂遊日記 Kuei-yu jih-chi, 3 chüan, a diary which he wrote in 1837 about his trip to Kuei-lin; 經字異同 Ching-tzŭ i-t'ung, 48 chüan; 讀經求義 Tu-ching ch'iu-i, 2 chüan; and the 史鏡 Shih-ching. His works, entitled T'ing-sung-lu shih-hua (詩話), Sung-hsin jih-lu (日錄), 松軒隨筆 Sung-hsüan sui-pi, and 老漁閒話 Lao-yü hsien-hua, were included in the Kuo-ch'ao shih-jên chêng-lüeh and in the I-t'an-lu.
Chang Wei-p'ing was interested in painting and calligraphy and gained recognition in both fields. He was also an expert in medicine which he studied for forty years. He loved pines, and incorporated in his pseudonym, and in the titles of most of his works, the character sung 松, meaning pine. A perusal of his Sung-hsüan sui-pi discloses the fact that he was one of the few writers of his time who appreciated the works of Ts'ui Shu [q. v.] and the foresight of Ch'ên Li-ho (see under Ts'ui Shu) in printing and thus preserving Ts'ui's works.
Chang Wei-p'ing had four sons. The three who survived him were: Chang Hsiang-chin 張祥晉 (T. 賓隅, 1817–1858), a chü-jên of 1837; Chang Hsiang-t'ai 張祥泰, a chü-jên of 1849; and Chang Hsiang-chien 張祥鑑 (T. 韶臺), a chü-jên of 1839. A daughter, Chang Hsiu-tuan 張秀端 (T. 蘭士), was a poetess, and the author of the 碧梧樓詩鈔 Pi-wu lou shih-ch'ao. Two grandsons, Chang Chao-chia 張兆甲 (T. 蘭軒), and Chang Chao-ting 張兆鼎 (T. 延秋, 𡨂子) were chin-shih of 1865 and 1877 respectively, and both became compilers in the Hanlin Academy.
[1/491/10b; 2/73/29b; 5/79/4b; 7/44/9a; 19/庚上/31b; 26/3/54b; 29/9/16; 21/9/10a; P'an-yü hsien chih (1871); P'an-yü hsien hsü-chih (續志, 1931); 廣州府志 Kuang-chou fu chih (1879) 95/5a, 96/2a; 香山縣志 Hsiang-shan hsien chih (1879) 15/13b, chüan 21; Jung Chao-tsu 容肇組, Lingnan Journal, vol. III, no. 4, pp. 1–147.]
CHANG Wên-t'ao 張問陶 (T. 仲冶, 樂祖, H. 船山, 藥庵退守, 蜀山老⿰虫袁, 老船), June 26, 1764–1814, poet and painter, was a great-great-grandson of Chang P'êng-ko [q. v.]. His ancestral home was in Sui-ning, Szechwan, but he was born in Kuan-t'ao, Shantung, where his father, Chang Ku-chien 張顧鑑 (T. 鏡千, a licentiate of 1741), served as magistrate in the years 1760–69. Chang Wên-t'ao became a chü-jên in 1788 and a chin-shih in 1790 and was selected a bachelor in the Hanlin Academy. In 1791 he asked leave to return to his native place, and late in the following year (1792) he and his second wife, Lin P'ei-huan 林佩環 (T. 韻徵, another ming 頎), journeyed back to the capital. Upon his arrival in Peking, early in 1793, he was made a corrector in the Hanlin Academy, a post he held for four years (1793–97). Once more he went back to Sui-ning (1797), but returned to Peking in the following year (1798) by way of Pao-chi, Shensi, where he wrote a poem of eighteen stanzas, entitled 宿寶雞題壁 Su Pao-chi t'i-pi. This poem, which treats of the sufferings of the common people in times of confusion, immediately won for him nation-wide fame and comparison with the great T'ang poet, Tu Mu 杜牧 (T. 牧之, 803–852), who wrote on the same theme. In 1800 he was made assistant examiner of the Shun-t'ien provincial examination and was appointed in 1801 professor in the Department of Study of the Hanlin Academy. In 1805 he was made a censor, and in this capacity became famous for his straightforward utterances. After serving as assistant examiner in the metropolitan examination in 1809, he was made in the same year director of the Department of Grants in the Board of Civil Office. In the following year (1810) he was appointed prefect of Lai-chou, Shantung, a post he held until 1812 when, having offended his superior by his outspoken manner, he resigned. He then went to Wu-hsien, Kiangsu, where he built a residence which he styled Lo-t'ien T'ien-sui lin-wu 樂天天隨鄰屋, "Having Po Chü-i 白居易 (T. 樂天 Lo-t'ien, 772–846?) and Lu Kuei-mêng 陸龜蒙 (T. 魯望, H. 天隨 T'ien-sui, d. ca. 881) as my neighbors". He died two years later.
As a poet Chang Wên-t'ao was highly praised by many contemporaries such as Hung Liang-chi
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