emperor personally outside of Peking, made an adjutant-general of the emperor's Bodyguard, and was honored with several banquets before the throne. His portrait was painted for the Hall of Military Merits, known as Tzŭ-kuang ko (see below). It is difficult to affirm categorically that Chao-hui was gifted in military matters, but he may with justice be designated a fu-chiang 福將, or "lucky general", in view of the fact that he successfully escaped from two sieges, once from an overwhelming force of hostile nomads, and later from enraged Mohammedans.
After his return to Peking Chao-hui served as president of the Board of Revenue, and in 1761 was made an assistant Grand Secretary. Thereafter he was several times sent with Liu T'ung-hsün [q. v.] and others to inspect and report on river conservancy. When he died, late in 1764, the emperor went personally to his house to offer sacrifices, and since Chao-hui's son, Jalantai 札蘭泰 (d. 1788), was still young, two officials were appointed to settle the family estate. The son was promised the hand of a princess, and the father was given the posthumous name, Wên-hsiang 文襄. Jalantai succeeded in 1765 to the hereditary rank, and seven years later married the emperor's ninth daughter, Princess Ho-k'o 和恪公主 (1758–1780). In 1796 the names of Chao-hui, Fu-hêng, Ho-lin, and Fu-k'ang-an [qq. v.], were placed in the Imperial Ancestral Hall.
There is a story connected with Chao-hui's conquest of Yarkand, about a concubine of Khozi Khan who was captured and taken posthaste with other spoils to Peking. This Mohammedan beauty came to be known as Hsiang-fei 香妃, the "Perfumed Consort", because she is said to have had a natural gift of emanating perfume. According to current legends, she never yielded to the emperor's advances, although he was, so anxious to win her favor that he built a Mohammedan quarter southwest of the Winter Palace (南海 Nan-hai) and a tower inside the palace grounds from which the disconsolate Hsiang-fei could view her passing co-religionists in the nearby mosque and bazaars. It is also said that the emperor built for her a Turkish bath which came to be known as Yü-tê t'ang 浴德堂. Legend has it that she always carried with her a sharp weapon with which to resist the imperial approaches. Finally, the emperor's mother, fearing we are told for the safety of her son, called Hsiang-fei into her presence while the emperor was away on ceremonial duties; Hsiang-fei was ordered to commit suicide and died by self-strangulation before the emperor returned. The Palace Museum in Peking has two portraits of a lady in military garb, which are said to be likenesses of Hsiang-fei, painted by P. Joseph Castiglione 郎世寧 (T. 若瑟, 1688–1766). While there is little doubt that such a person actually lived, many of the stories about her are probably legendary.
It is well to mention, in connection with the conquest of Ili and Chinese Turkestan, the hall commemorating military exploits, known as Tzŭ-kuang ko 紫光閣. It is situated on the west shore of the Central Lake (中海, Chung-hai), Peking, in an old structure rebuilt in 1760 to accomodate the portraits of one hundred generals and statesmen who took part in the campaign. At the head of these celebrities were: Fu-hêng who helped the emperor to direct the campaign, and Chao-hui the commander-in-chief. On the walls of the hall were painted sixteen scenes depicting important battles and memorable events of the war. These paintings, known as 平定伊犁(or 準部)囘部戰圖 P'ing-ting I-li (or Chun-pu) Hui-pu chan-t'u, were completed in 1766. Four Catholic priests, then in Peking, were selected to make reproductions of the scenes for engraving—the priests being Castiglione, Ignace Sichelbart 艾啟蒙 (T. 醒菴, 1708–1780), Jean-Denis Attiret 王致誠 (or 巴德尼, 1702–1768) and Jean-Damascène Salusti 安德義 (d. 1781). The engravings, done in Paris, were completed in 1774. A set comprises 34 sheets with 16 paintings, 16 poems, a preface and a postscript. One hundred sets were sent to China of which only a few are extant. A complete one is preserved in the Library of Congress.
[皇輿西域圖志 Huang-yü Hsi-yü t'u-chih; Ishida Mikinosuke 石田幹之肋, ぺり開雕乾隆年間準囘兩部平定得勝圖に就て in 東洋學報 vol. IX, no. 3 (Sept. 1919), pp. 396–448; Pelliot, Paul, Les "Conquêtes de l'Empereur de la Chine", in T'oung Pao, 1921, pp. 183–274; Cordier, Henri, Les Conquêtes de l'Empereur de la Chine, in Mémoires concernant l'Asie Orientale, vol. I, 1913, pp. 1–18; Haenisch, E., Der chinesische Feldzug in Ili im Jahre 1755, in Ostasiat. Zeitschrift, Apr.–Sept., 1918, pp. 57–86; 1/319/1a; 3/24/1a; 7/13/12; Fu-hêng [q. v.], P'ing-ting Chun-ko-êr fang-üeh; Ch'i Yün-shih [q. v.], Huang-ch'ao fan-pu yao-lüeh, chüan 12, 13, 15, 16; 清稗類鈔 Ch'ing pai lei-ch'ao, 異稟/34, 宮苑/14; Hedin, Sven, Jehol, City of Emperors (1933) pp. 215–35; Howorth, H. H., History of the Mongols
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