province against the rebellious forces of Wu San-kuei [q. v.]. Two years later he became assistant secretary to the provincial judge of Shensi, and concurrently director of education in the same province. In 1685 he was made grain intendant of Hu-kuang province and in 1688 acting lieutenant-governor of Hu-kuang.
A few days after Yeh took over the latter post a mutiny under the leadership of Hsia Fêng-lung 夏逢龍 took place at Wuchang, the capital of the province, to protest against the government's measure to demilitarize that area, and in particular to compel payment of the local troops whose stipends were in arrears. The governor, K'o Yung-shêng 柯永昇, was stabbed and committed suicide, and Yeh Ying-liu, as lieutenant-governor, was compelled by the insurgents to go over to their side. Powerless to deal with the situation, he proposed to the mutineers that if they would promise not to harm the cornmon people he would, after three days, join them in their plans. In the meantime he sent away his family from the troubled city and entrusted his official seals to a servant. Attired in full official uniform, he reproached the mutiueers and then died by cutting his own throat. For his loyalty and bravery he was rewarded with posthumous honors, and in the year following his death he was canonized as Chung-chieh 忠節.
In view of Yeh Ying-liu's martyrdom, his eldest son, Yeh Fu 葉敷 (T. 來青, 南田, H. 雲巢散人, 1670–1760), was given the rank of a department magistrate. He served as magistrate of Ching-mên-chou in Hupeh (1691–93), and of Yü-lin-chou in Kwangsi (1697–1703); and as prefect of Canton (1709–14), and of I-chou-fu, Shantung (1734–37). He achieved some note as a painter. His adopted son, Yeh Fêng-mao 葉鳳毛 (T. 超宗, H. 恆齋, 六泉, 錦帶居士, 1709–1781), was also a painter and calligrapher who served in the Grand Secretariat as a secretary (1730–35) and as an archivist (1735–39). He left two brief descriptions of the buildings and traditions of the Grand Secretariat, entitled 內閣小志 Nei-ko hsiao-chih and Nei-ko ku-shih (故事), both printed in the collectanea, Chih-hai (see under Chang Hai-p'êng).
[1/259/5b; 3/345/17a; 19 ping hsia 17b; 28/1/1a; Shanghai hsien-chih (1572) 20/11b; Wu-chung Yeh-shih tsu-p'u (see bibl. under Yeh Fang-ai), 53/30a.]
YEHONALA. See under Hsiao-ch'in.
YEKŠU 葉克舒(書), d. 1658, Manchu officer, bore the clan-name Hoiho, though his father was chieftain of the Nimača clan. With his neighbor, Kanggûri [q. v.] and others, Yekšu joined the service of Nurhaci [q. v.] in 1610 and was made captain of a niru in the Plain Red Banner. In 1621 he was promoted for bravery in the attack on Liaoyang, and by 1626 had risen to be assistant commander of his Banner. When the Six Ministries were organized in 1631 he became one of two directors of the Board of War. In the following year he was appointed commander of the Plain Red Banner which he led on campaigns inside the Great Wall during the years 1634 to 1636. On his return from the last expedition he was tried for failure to control his troops and was reduced to the rank of captain. But in the next three years he again won recognition for his services in warfare against the Koreans, and for a successful attack on the Gûwalca clan which dwelt along the Nonni river. His former position in the Board of War was restored to him, and after a successful campaign against the Solon tribe of Manchus on the upper Heilungkiang he was re-appointed commander of his Banner (1640). He took part again in the war with the Ming, serving at the siege of Chin-chou in 1640 and 1641. The next year he accompanied Abatai [q. v.] on his march into China, but when he returned he was deprived of all hereditary titles, and reduced to the rank of captain, after charges of repeated insubordination and carelessness had been preferred against him. After the death of T'ai-tsung in 1643 he was again made assistant commander. In the battle with Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.], in the following spring, he was severely wounded—losing one eye. Despite this he continued in active service for the next two years, winning special recognition for his extermination of bandits in Shantung. In 1616, after thirty-six years of military activity, he was settled at Shêng-ching (Mukden) as garrison commander. Eleven years later he was accused of concealing the misdeeds of the keeper of the late Emperor T'ai-tsung's mausoleum. He died in 1658 shortly after being deprived, for the third time, of a11 his titles. His three sons, of whom the most prominent was Daola 道喇, acquired hereditary ranks through their own merits. The captaincy of niru 5, as well as its off-shoots, niru 4, 6, and 7, in the third division
906
