prose, was reprinted in 1885 in the 心榘齋叢書 Hsin-chü chai ts'ung-shu. A collection with the same title, in 13 chüan, had been printed by Yen Chang-fu in 1838. As a bibliophile, Yen K'o-chün managed eventually to accumulate some 20,000 chüan.
[1/448/10a; 2/69/20b; 5/72/25a; 6/27/5a; 湖洲府志 Hu-chou fu-chih (1874) 76/31a; Yü Chêng-hsieh [q. v.], Kuei-ssŭ ts'un-kao (1884) 12/21a; Hsü-hsüeh k'ao (see bibl. under Niu Shu-yü) 2/166, 3/la, 9/17b, 13/la, 26/36a; Yen Ch'i-fêng, 傳家琬琰錄 Ch'uan-chia wan-yen lu (biographies of the Yen Family of Wu-ch'êng) manuscript copy in Library of Congress.]
YEN-p'ing, Prince of. See under Chêng Ch'êng-kung.
YEN Yen 嚴衍 (T. 永思, H. 午庭, 拙道人), 1574–1645, historian, was a native of Chia-ting, Kiangsu. When he was forty-one sui he began a serious study of Ssŭ-ma Kuang's 資治通鑑 Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien ("Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government"), a chronological history of China (completed in 1084) which treats the period from 403 B. C. to 960 A. D. Although Yen greatly admired this history, he regarded it as faulty in stressing facts that are politically instructive though omitting others perhaps equally important. With the help of T'an Yün-hou 談允厚, a pupil and brother-in-law, he began in 1615 to make notes and additions which were published, together with the original text, in 294 chüan, under the title Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien pu (補). The final draft was completed in 1664, but was not printed until 1860. A second edition appeared in 1876. In his preface, dated 1644, Yen states that he had also completed a continuation to the Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien, entitled 宋元續編 Sung-Yüan hsü-pien. This work was apparently lost but, judging from the title, it brought the account down to the end of the Yüan dynasty (1368 A. D.). Chang Tun-jên (see under Ku Kuang-ch'i) separated Yen's notes and additions from the original text, under the title T'ung-chien pu chêng lüeh (正略), 3 chüan. This collection was printed in 1917 in the 峭帆樓叢書 Ch'iao-fan lou ts'ung-shu.
[3/413/10a; prefaces to Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien pu; Chia-ting hsien-chih (1880) 19/13; Kuo-ts'ui hsüeh-pao (see under Liu Yü-sung), vol. 6 (1910), portrait.]
YEN Ying-yüan 閻應元 (T. 麗亨), d. Oct. 1645, Ming martyr, was a native of Tungchow, Chihli. At the close of the Ming period he was prison-warder at Chiang-yin, Kiangsu. For his activities against pirates he was promoted to the post of registrar of Ying-tê, Kwangtung, but as roads were obstructed he never went. In 1645, after Nanking fell to the Ch'ing forces, Chiang-yin organized for defense. After repeated rebuffs, Yen Ying-yüan assumed voluntary leadership, utilized all available means of defense, including Dutch cannon, and fired the people with a fanatic zeal. He made a. desperate but vain stand against the Manchu forces, and when the city finally capitulated, October 10, 1645, he attempted to drown himself but was dragged out and killed. In 1776 his name was listed among those distinguished for loyalty to the Ming cause, and in 1837 an ancestral hall was built in his honor in Tungchow. The morale of the gentry of Chiang-yin was such that many of its officials and scholars killed their wives and children and committed suicide rather than surrender. According to accounts, the wells and canals were choked with bodies. Even those who escaped, or were captured, either threw themselves into suicidal attempts to recover the city or died in prison. In the siege of eighty-one days not one person surrendered and some seventy-five thousand Manchu troops were killed.
[M.1/277/16a; M.59/46/12a; Nan-chiang i-shih (see bibl. under Hou T'ung-tsêng) 20/1a; Tungchow chih (1781) 8/58b, (1879) 2/38a, 8/606; Chao Hsi-ming, 江上孤忠錄 Chiang-shang ku-chung lu in T'ung-shih (see Wan Yen); Chiang-yin ch'êng-shou chi (城守記).]
YEN Yüan 顏元 (T. 易直, 渾然, H. 習齋, childhood name 園兒, his name before 1673 being Chu Pang-liang 朱邦良), Apr. 27, 1635–1704, Sept. 30, founder of a pragmatic school of philosophy, was born and reared in the village of Liu-ts'un 劉村 in the district of Li-hsien, Chihli, but took residence after 1673 in his ancestral village of Pei-yang ts'un 北楊村 in the neighboring district of Po-yeh. His father, Yen Ch'ang 顏昶 (1617–1672), was adopted by a man of Liu-ts'un named Chu Chiu-tso 朱九祚 (T. 盛軒, d.1673) and therefore took the surname Chu. In 1638, when Yen Yüan himself was only three years old, his father was forced to accompany invading Manchu soldiers back
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