filamentary apparatus the homology of which, with a
canal cell, is more obvious.
The foregoing sketch indicates, in a very brief manner, the outlines of the classification of the vegetable kingdom, which has been constructed in the light of the most recent studies of the comparative structure of different types. It is sufficient to say, that a detailed consideration of the new relations in which many of the groups now stand to one another by no means diminishes, but strongly confirms, the soundness of the arrangement.
The following table gives the classification in a synoptic form:—
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VEGETABILIA. SUB-KINGDOM A. THALLOPHYTA. With Chlorophyll. Without Chlorophyll (ALG.E.) * ( FUNGI.) Class 1. PROTOPHYTA. i. Cyanophycecc. Chroococcacere. Oscillatorieae, &c. Ji. PallmellacecE. ""? Euglenese.] i. Sckizomycclcs. ii. Saccharomyccs. Class 2. ZYGOSPORE.E. a. Conjugating cells motile. i. Pandorinece. i. Myxomycctcs. [? Hydrodictyese.] ii. Confervacecc. ii. Chytridinece. iii. Ulvacece. ft. Conjugating cells non- motile, iv. Conjugate. [? Protomyccs.] Desmidiese, &c. Class 3. OOSPORE..E. iii. Zygomycetes. Mucorini, &c. i. Volvocinece. ii. Sphceroplece. iii. Cwlollastcc . Siphophycese. iv. (Edogonieae. v. Fucaccce. [Phseosporese." i. CceloUastce. Ancylisteae. Saprolegniea. Fcronosporeae. Class 4. CAEPOSPOEE.E. W *h Chlorophyll. Without Chlorophyll (ALG.E.) (FUNGI.) i. Colecchcctcce. i. Ascomycetes. Lichenes, &c. ii. Ilorideas. ii. ^Ecidiomycctcs. Nemaliese. Ceramieoe, &c. iii. Characccc. iii. Basidiomycctcs. SUB-KINGDOM B. CORMOPHYTA. Series I. BEYOpnYTA. Class 1. Musci. Class 2. Hepaticse. Series II. PTERIDOPHYTA. Class 1. Filicales. i. Stipulate. Ophioglossese. Marattiaceae ft. Filiccs. iii. Rliizocarpcce. Class 2. Equisetaceas. Class 3. Dichotomy. i. Lycopodiacccc. Lycopodieoe. Psiloteae. Phylloglosseae. ii. Ligulatce. Selaginelleae. Isoetece. Series III. PHANEEOGAM-E. Class 1. Gymnosperma3. Class 2. Angiospermaj. i. Monocotyledoncs. ii. Dicotylcdoncs.
See A Text-Book of Botany, Morpliologica.l and Physiological, by Julius Sachs (3d edition), translated by A. "W. Bennett, assisted by W. T. Thiselton Dyer ; Lehrbuch der Botanik, von Dr Julius Sachs, vierte Auflage ; Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, new series, vols. i.-xv.
BION, the second of the three Greek bucolic poets, was "born in the neighbourhood of Smyrna, according to Suidas, at Phlossa on the River Meles. The few facts known to us of his life are to be gathered from the beautiful ETTITCIC/HOS BiWos of his friend and scholar Moschus. From his account it appears that Bion left his native country and, during the latter part of his life, resided in Sicily and cul tivated the form of poetry peculiarly associated with that island. He was contemporary with Theocritus and some what older than Moschus. His death was due to poison, administered to him by some jealous rivals who afterwards suffered the penalty of their crime. The subjects of his verses are described by Moschus as " Love and Pan ; " but though his works are included in the general class of bucolic poetry, they have little of the pastoral imagery and description characteristic of Theocritus. They breathe a more refined air of sentiment, and show traces of the over strained reflection frequently observable in later develop ments of pastoral poetry. The longest and best of his ex tant works is the Lament for Adonis ( ETrira^tos AStoviSos), the prototype of many modern poems. His other pieces are short and in many cases fragmentary. Two of the Idylls (xix. and xx.) of Theocritus are frequently ascribed to him. Bion and Moschus are edited separately by Hermann (1849) and Ziegler (1869). The best annotated editions are thoso of Heindorf (1810), Meineke (1856), Ahrens (1855-9), Fritsche (1870), all of which contain also the works of Theocritus. The Epitaphius Adonidis is edited separately by Ahrens, 1854.
Paris, 21st April 1774. After leaving school he served for a short time , in the artillery, but again resumed his studies at the Ecole Polytechnique. He distinguished himself in mathematics, and was appointed to a professor ship at Beauvais. There he carried on his researches with the greatest assiduity, and gained the acquaintance and friendship of Laplace, from whom he solicited and obtained the favour of reading the proof-sheets of the Mecanique Celeste. In 1800 he was recalled to Paris as professor of physics at the College de France. Three years later he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, a dis tinction rarely accorded to one so young as he was. In 1803 Biot, in concert with Arago, investigated the refract ing properties of gases, and in the following year accom panied Gay-Lussac in his balloon ascent. He was again associated with Arago in the great undertaking of the measurement of an arc of the meridian in Spain, and at a
later date f 1817-18) he crossed over to Britain and ni3a-
