Cuyp s pieces are his Meuse and Rhine landscapes, with meadows, cattle, flocks, and horsemen, and occasionally with boats and barges. In these he brought together and displayed during his middle and final period all the skill of one who is at once a poet and a finished artist ; grouping, tinting, touch, harmony of light and shade, and true chords of colours are all combined. Masterpieces of acknowledged beauty are the Riders with the Boy and Herdsman in the National Gallery ; the Meuse, with Dort in the distance, in three or four varieties, in the Bridge- water, Grosvenor, Holford, and Brownlow collections ; the Huntsman (Ashburton) ; Herdsmen with Cattle, belonging to the marquis of Bute ; and the Piper with Cows, in the Louvre. It is well known that the prices paid for Cuyp s pictures in his own time were comparatively low. In 1750, 30 florins was considered to be the highest sum to which any one of his panels was entitled. At the sale of the Clewer collection at Christie s in 1876 a small Hilly Landscapa iu Morning Light was sold for 5040, and a View on the Rhine, with cows on a bank, for 3150. Smith has catalogued 335 of Cuyp s works. It would be
difficult now to find more than a third of them.CUZCO, a city of southern Peru, the capital of a province of the same name, the ancient capital of the empire of the Incas, and still one of the most important cities of the republic, in 13 31 S. lat. and 73 3 W. long., 11,380 feet above the sea, and 350 miles E.S.E. of Lima. It stands at the head of a fertile valley, nine miles in length, running from south-east to north-west, and bounded by mountains of considerable elevation. Over the city on the north side rises the famous hill of Sacsahuaman, crowned with the old fortress of the Incas, and separated from tki mountains by the deep ravines of the streams called the Huatanay and Rodadero. The chief portion of the city is built between the two streams, with its great plaza in the centre. To westward of the Huatanay are two more fine squares, these of the Cabildo and of San Francisco. The houses of the city are built of stone, the lower portion of massive masonry of the times of the Incas, with a light modern superstructure roofed with red tile ; the streets are at right angles, and afford fine vistas. The principal build ings are the cathedral, the convent of San Domingo (on a part of the site of the ancient Inca temple of the Sun), the Cabildo or Government house, a university founded in 1598, the College of Science and Arts, the Library and Museum of Incarial Antiquities, and various churches. The trade of Cuzco is chiefly in linen, wool, cotton, gold and silver work, leather, and sugar. The population, esti mated at about 50,000, is chiefly Indian. The roads from Cuzco to other parts of Peru, especially that one which leads towards Quito, are most remarkable for their frail suspension bridges over the deep chasms of the Andes. A railroad is projected to unite Cuzco with the line which has been completed from the coast through Arequipa towards Puno on Lake Titicaca.
The province of Cuzco, the limits of which were some what curtailed in the formation of the new province of Abancay in 1873, lies partly on the eastern cordillera of the Andes, and slopes thence into the forest plains of the in terior, along the tributaries of the Ucayali and Marafion, to the frontier of Brazil and Bolivia.
CYBELE, or Rhea Cybele, in Greek mythology, was the mother of Zeus and the order of deities of which he was the head. As such she was styled "mother of gods" (0wv /x^T?yp), and her temple called Metroon. But though thus made to fit into the general system of deities, her worship was originally peculiar to Crete and Phrygia in Asia Minor, in both which places it was accompanied by wild orgiastic dances and music on the model of the rites which her first priests and attendants, the Curetes, Corybantes, and Dactyls had held in her honour. It was in Crete that the infant Zeus was secluded and brought up in the guardianship of the Curetes, and there also he was said to have been buried. But the belief in the death of Zeus in this case may have arisen from the tendency of her worship to dwell on the opposites of birth and death as seen in the Phrygian story of Atys, which again, like that of Adonis, seems to illustrate the change in nature from the bloom of spring to the decay of winter. (See Atys). In Phrygia she was on the one hand the goddess of moun tains, caves, and haunts of wild animals. Her name Cybele was the Phrygian word for caves. Her proper name there was Agdistis, and she was thought of as attended by lions and panthers. On the other hand she was a goddess of vine-growing, agriculture, and town-life, wearing a mural crown, and connected in early legends with Midas, Gordias, and Marsyas, who belong also to the cycle of Bacchus, whose nurse she is sometimes called. Marsyas perfected the flute which she had invented. Midas and Gordias owed their great wealth to her. The centre of her worship in Phrygia, and the mcst sacred place to her any where, was Pessinus, where in a cave in Mount Dindymon was an image of her in the form, as was said, of a meteoric stone, which ~was afterwards removed to Rome. There also was the grave of Atys. Her first temple at Pessinus had been built, according to tradition, by king Midas. In later times it was kept up by the kings of Pergamus and the Romans. From Phrygia her worship passed to Lydia, wkere she was called Cybebe and had a temple in Sardes, thence to the coast of Asia Minor, to the mainland of Greece, and lastly to Rome. She was figured seated on a throne with a lion on her lap or under her feet, or with a lion at each side, or drawn in a chariot by lions, with a mural crown on her head, and in her hands a sceptre and a cymbal.
CYCLADES, the southern group of islands in the Ægean Sea belonging to Greece, as distinguished from the northern Sporades of the Greek archipelago, and the southern Sporades of the Asiatic portion of the archipelago, belonging to Turkey. They were originally twelve in number, and derived their name from the fact of their lying in a circle round the sacred isle of Delos, which was the smallest of the group. The twelve were Andros (the modern Andro), Ceos (Zea), Cythnos (Thermia), Delos (Mikra Dili), Rhenea (Megali Dili), Myconos (Mykono), Naxos (Naxia), Paros (Paro), Seriphos (Serpho), Siphnos (Sipheno), Syros (Syra), and Tenos (Tino). The modern Greek nomarchy of the Cyclades includes the above islands and those of Amurgo (the ancient Amorgos), Nio (Ios), Antiparo (Oliaros), Iraklia (Heraclea), Kimolo (Kimolos), Milo (Melos), Polykandro (Pholegandros), Sikino (Sicinos), Santorin (Thera), Anaphi (Anaphe), and many other islets and rocks between these, forming together an area of 927 square miles, and having a population in 1870 of 123,299. The islands are generally high, several exceeding 2000 feet in altitude, and one or two points, as the summits of Andro and Naxia, exceeding 3200 feet; they have a varied climate and fertile soil, producing corn and fruits, wine and oil. Many of the inhabitants, who are less mixed in race than those of the mainland, are seamen and traders. Hermopolis, on the island of Syra, is the capital of the nomarchy.
CYCLONE. See Atmosphere, Climate, and Meteorology.
worked with Vulcan at his forge in the heart of burning mountains, especially in Mount Ætna, the Lipara islands, and Lemnos. Their names, Brontes, Steropes, and Arges, indicate the noise and flash of a volcanic eruption. Finding them dangerous to his rule by their enormous strength,
Kronos had confined them in the centre of the earth. In
