Parliament, the llth of Henry VI. 1433), by the fact of his hereditary possession of Arundel Castle only. As hereditary Earl-Marshal, his Grace of Norfolk is the head of the
College of Arms.EARLE, John (1601?–1665), bishop of Worcester and afterwards of Salisbury, was born at York about 1601. He completed his education at Oxford, first entering Christ Church, and taking his degree of B.A. in 1619. He afterwards passed to Mertou College, and graduated M.A. in 1624. He was appointed in 1631 proctor of the university, and the same year became chaplain to Philip, earl of Pembroke, then chancellor of the university. He was soon after presented by this nobleman to the rectory of Bishopstone, in Wiltshire, and, having been introduced to the king, Charles I., was appointed chaplain and tutor to Prince Charles. In 1642 Earle took his degree of D.D., and in the following year was elected one of the famous Assembly of Divines at Westminster. But his sympathies with the king and with the Church of England were so strong that he declined to sit. Early in 1643 he was chosen chancellor of the cathedral of Salisbury ; but of this preferment he was soon after deprived. After Cromwell s great victory at Worcester, Earle went abroad, and was named clerk of the closet and chaplain to Charles II. He spent a year at Antwerp in the house of Izaak Walton s friend Dr Morley, who became afterwards bishop of Winchester. He next joined the duke of York (James II.) at Paris, returning to England at the Restoration. He was at once appointed dean of Westminster, and in 1661 was one of the commissioners for revising the liturgy. At the end of November 1662 he was consecrated bishop of Worcester, and was translated, ten months later, to the see of Salisbury. During the plague of London Bishop Earle attended the king and queen at Oxford, and there he died, November 17, 1665. Earle s chief title to remembrance is his witty and humorous work entitled Microcosmography, or a Piece of the World discovered, in Essays and Characters, which throws light on the manners of the time. First printed in 1628, it became very popular, and ran through eight editions in the lifetime of the author. A new edition with notes and appendix, containing much interesting matter, by Philip Bliss, was published in 1811. The style is quaint and epigrammatic ; and the reader is frequently reminded of Thomas Fuller by such passages as this : " A university dunneris a gentlemen follower cheaply purchased, for his own money has hyr d him." Several reprints of the book have been issued since the author s death ; and in 1671 a French translation by J. Dymock appeared with the title of Le vice ridicule. Earle was employed by Charles II. to make the Latin translation of the EiJcon Basilike, published in 1649.
" Dr Earle," says Lord Clarendon in his Life, " was a man of great piety and devotion, a most eloquent and powerful preacher, and of a conversation so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent, and so very facetious, that no man s company was more desired and loved. No man was more negligent in his dress and habit and mien, no man more wary and cultivated in his behaviour and discourse. He was very dear to the Lord Falkland, with whom he apent as much time as he could make his own."
See especially Bliss s edition of the Microcosrnographie, and Arber s Keprint, London, 1868.
EARLOM, Richard (1742-1822), English mezzotint engraver, was born in London in 1742. His natural faculty for art appears to have been first called into exercise byadmiration for the lord mayor s state coach, justdecorated by Cipriani. He tried to copy the paintings, and was sent to study under Cipriani. He displayed great skill as a draughtsman, and at the same time acquired without assistance the art of engraving in mezzotint. In 1765 he was employed by Alderman Boydell, then one of the most liberal promoters of the fine arts, to make a series of draw ings from the pictures at Honghton Hall ; and these he afterwards engraved in mezzotint. His most perfect works as engraver are perhaps the fruit and flower pieces after the Dutch artists Van Os and Van Huysum. Amongst his historical and figure subjects are Agrippina, after West ; Love in Bondage, after Guido Reni ; the Royal Academy, the Embassy of Hyderbeck to meet Lord Corn- wallis, and a Tiger Hunt, the last three after Zoffany ; and Lord Heathfield, after Sir Joshua Reynolds. Earlom also executed a series of 200 facsimiles of the drawings and sketches of Claude Lorraine, which was published in 3 vols. folio, under the title of Liber Veritatis (1777-1819). Earlom died in London, October 9, 1822.
EAR-RING, an ornament worn pendent from the ear, and generally suspended by means of a ring or hook pass ing through the pendulous lobe of the ear. The general usage appears to have been to have ear-rings worn in pairs, the two ornaments in all respects resembling each other ; in ancient times, or sometimes more recently among Oriental races, a single ear-ring has sometimes been worn. The use of this kind of ornament, which constantly was of great value and sometimes was made of large size, dates from the remotest historical antiquity, the earliest mention of ear-rings occurring in the book of Genesis. It appears probable that the ear-rings of Jacob s family, which he buried with his strange idols at Bethel, were regarded as amulets or talismans, such unquestionably being the estima tion in which some ornaments of this class have been held from a very early period, as they still are held in the East. Among all the Oriental races of whom we have any accurate knowledge, the Hebrews and Egyptians excepted, ear-rings always have been in general use by both sexes ; while in the West, as well as by the Hebrews and Egyptians, as a general rule they have been considered exclusively female ornaments. By the Greeks and Romans also ear-rings were worn only by women ; and the prevalence of this fashion among the races of classic antiquity is illustrated in a singular manner by the ears of the famous statue of the Venus de Medici being bored, evidently for the reception of pendent jewels. Ear-rings invariably occupy important posi tions among the various remains of ancient and mediaeval goldsmiths work that from time to time have rewarded the researches of archaeological inquirers. And these early relics, with rare exceptions objects of great beauty and delicacy, never fail to exemplify the artisiic styles of their periods, as they were prevalent among the races by whom each individual jewel was produced. Ear-rings of costly materials and elaborate workmanship have been brought to light in considerable numbers in the Troad and in Peloponnesus by Dr Schliemann ; jewels of the same class, of exquisite beauty, and of workmanship that is truly wonderful, have been rescued from the sepulchres of ancient Etruria and Greece by Signor Castellani ; other ear-rings of gold of characteristic forms have come down to our own times from the ancient Egyptians ; we know well what styles of ear-rings were worn by the Romans of the empire and by the early Scandinavians ; and recent researches among the burial places of our Anglo-Saxon predecessors in the occupancy of this island have led to the discovery of jewels in considerable numbers, which among their varieties include ear-rings executed in a style that proves the Anglo- Saxons to have made no inconsiderable advance in the arts of civilization. These same ornaments, which never have fallen into disuse, enjoy at the present day a very high degree of favour ; like all other modern jewels, however, the ear-rings of our own times as works of arts can claim no historical attributes, because they consist as well of re productions from all past ages and of every race as of fanciful productions that certainly can be assigned to no style of art whatever.
