Copper coins of 5, 10, 20 paras (or faddalis, 40 to the piastre) and 1 piastre are also coined. The kees, or purse, of 500 piastres, is equal to about 5, 2s. 6d. The khazneh, or treasury, consists of 1000 purses. 97| piastres are given for the English pound sterling. Besides the regular Egyptian currency, European coins of all kinds are commonly employed in Egypt, especially the English sovereign, the French Napoleon, the Venetian sequin, the Spanish doubloon and dollar, the 5-franc piece, and the
Constantinople coins. (s. L. p.)] (E. s. p.)Index to Article Egypt.
Aboo-Kcer, 709. Bubastis, 769. El-Fustitt, 770. Inhabitants, ancient, 713; Memphis, 770. Ramses I. -1 1 1., 73S, 739. Abydos, 775. Cairo, 751, 769. El-Geezeh, 770. modern, 723. Menes, 731. Religion, 714, 7-4. Adfoo, 783. Campbell s Tomb, 772. El-Karn, Jake of, 709, Irrigation, 708. Menptah, 739. Revenue, 786. Agriculture, 707. Cambyses, 743. 774. Iseum. 768. Menzeleh, Lake, 709. Romans, Egypt under, Alexandria, 767 ; battle Canals, 709, 784. El-Karnak, 777. Ismail, khedive, 766. Meydoom, pyramid of, 748. of, 760. Chronology, 728. El-Kurneh, 779. Isne, 782. 773. Rosetta, 768. All Bey, 758. Cleopatra VI., 747. El-Medeeneh, 774. Jews, 728. Meeris, Lake, 709, 774. Sals, 768. Ali Pasha, 761. Climate, 702. El-Minyeh, 774. Karnak, 777. Money, 787. Saladin, 753. Ainasis, 743. Condition of country, El-Mo izz, 750. Khedive, 7(iC, 784. Monuments, 768-784. Science, 722, 7- G. Amenophis I. -IV., 737, 707. El-Uksur, 776, 777. i Khursheed, 761. Muslims, Egypt under, Senoferu, 733. 738. Copts, 728. Exodus, 740. Kine, 776. 749, seqq. Sctee I., 11., 738, 739. linenopliium, 779. Cotton, 708, 786. Exports, 787. Labyrinth, 774. Names of country, 700. Setheum, 779. Amr, 749. Courts of justice, 724. Expenditure, 786. Lakes, 7US. Navy, 785. Shepherd kings, 735. Amusements, 721, 726. Crusades, 752-756. Fatimee caliphs, 700. Language and literature, Neku (Xecho) I., II., Sheshonk, 742. Animals, 711. Cultivable land, 70G. Feiyoom, 774. 721, 726. 742, 743. Silsilis. 783. Antinoiipolis, 775. Dalishoor, 773. Festivals, 727. Laws, 719, 724. Nile, 705. Simooni, 703. Army, 720, 785. Damietta, 70S. French occupation, 759. Luxor, 776, 777. Nomes, 701. Sphinx, 77- . Artaxerxes Ochus, 744. Darius, 744. Fruits, 710. Manfaloot, 775. Noureddin, 752. .Statistics, 784. Arts, 722, 726. Debt, 786. Funeral rites, 722, 728. Manners and Customs, Ombos, 783. Superstitions, 719, 726. Asaseef, 781. Delta, 768. Gebel-es-Silsileh, 783. 720, 725. Palace, supposed, 780. Syene, 7S3. Aswan, 783. Dendarah, 776. Geology, 704. Manufactures, 786. Phila?, 783. Tanis, 760. Asyoot, 775. Deserts, 784. Girga, 775. Marriage customs, 720, Population, 723. Telegraph lines, 786. Benee-Hasan grottoes, Diseases, 703. Government, 719, 784. 725. Position of country, 700. Thebes, 77(1. 774. Divinities, 716. Heliopolis, 769. Measures, 787. Post-office, 785. Tliothmcs I. -IV., 736, Benee-Suweyf, 774. Divisions, 701. Hermonthis, 782. Medeenet-Haboo, 780. Psametik, 743. 737. Beybars, 755. Dress, 713, 723. History, 730-767. Mehemet Ali, 760. Ptolemies, 745-748. Tombs of the Kings, 782 Beys, Memlook, massacres Edfu, 783. Hyksos, 735. Memlook sultans, 757. Pyramids, 732, 771-774. Tnrtl, 773. of, 762, 764. Education, 724, 785. Ibrahim 1 asha, 764. Memnon, Vocal, 779. Railways, 785. Vegetable products, 710. BooUik. 769. Eilethyia, 782. Imports, 787 Memnonium, 779. Kameseum, 779. -Weights, 787.
EHRENBREITSTEIN, a small town in Prussia, in the circle of Coblentz, situated on the right bank of the Rhine, and connected with the town of Coblentz by a bridge of boats, is of importance as possessing a magnificent fortress erected upon a precipitous rock 401 feet above the Rhine. The castle which occupied the site of the modern building is said to have been presented in 636 by the Franconian king Dagobert to the archbishops of Treves. It was twice taken by the French in 1G31 and 1799; and at the peace of Luneville in 1801 they blew it up before evacuating it. At the second Peace of Paris the French paid 15,000,000 francs to the Prussian Government for its restoration, and the works begun in 1816 were completed in ten years. The town possesses a few ships, and has a wine and carrying trade. In 1875 the population, in cluding the garrison, was 4901. See Coblentz.
EIBENSTOCK, a town in Saxony, in the circle of Zwickau, is situated on the borders of Bohemia, 16 miles S.S.E. of Zwickau. It possesses chemical and tobacco manufactories, and tin and iron works. Lace-making was introduced in 1775 by Clara Angermann. It has also a large cattle market. Population in 1875, 6553.
EICHENDORFF, Joseph, Freiherr von (1788-1857), a German poet and romance-writer, was born at Lubowitz, near Ratibor, in Prussia. He studied law at Halle and Heidelberg from 1805 to 1808. After a visit to Paris he went bo Vienna, where he resided until 1813, when he joined the Prussian army as a volunteer. When peace was concluded in 1815 he left the army, and in the following year he was appointed to a judicial office at Breslau. He subsequently held similar offices at Dantzic, Ko nigsberg, and Berlin. Retiring from the public service in 1844, he afterwards resided successively in Dantzic, Vienna, Dresden, and Berlin. He died at Neisse on the 26th November 1857. Eichendorff was one of the most distin- guistied of the later members of the German romantic school. His genius was essentially lyrical, and he was deficient in the distinctive dramatic faculty. On this account he is most successful in his shorter romances and dramas, where constructive power is least called for. His first work, a romance entitled Ahnung und Gegenwart, appeared in 1815. This was followed at short intervals by several others, among which the foremost place is by general consent assigned to A us dem Leben eines Taugenichts (Berlin, 1824), which has often been reprinted. Of his dramas may be mentioned Ezzdin von Romano, a tragedy (1828) ; Meierbeths Gliick und JSnde, a tragedy (1828) ; and Die Freier, a comedy (1833). He also translated Calderou s Geistliche Schauspide (1846) from the Spanish. EichendorfFs lyric poems were of a very high order, and many of them were sot to music by composers of eminence. In the later years of his life he published several valuable works on subjects in literary history and criticism, such as Utber die ethische und religiose Bedeutuncj der neueren romantiscJien Poesie in Deutschland (1847), Der dcutsclie Roman des 18. Jahrhundert in seinem Verhaltniss zum Christenthum (1851), and Gescldclde der poetischen Liter- atur Deutschlaiids (1856). An edition of his collected works in six volumes appeared at Leipsic in 1870.
eminent scholar, historian, and writer on biblical criticism, was born at Db rrenzimmern, in the duchy of Hohenlohc- Oehringen, on the 16th October 1752. Here his father was minister, but shortly after the birth of Johann he was ap pointed superintendent of the state school in Weikersheim. At his father s school and at the gymnasium at Heilbronn young Eichhorn received his early education. In 1770 he entered the university of Gottingen, where he remained till 1774. In 1774 he received the rectorship of the gymnasium at OehrdrifF, and in the following year was made professor of Oriental languages at Jena. On the death of Michaelis in 1788 he was elected ordinary professor of philosophy at Gottiwgen, where he lectured not only on the Oriental languages and on the exegesis of the Old and New Testa ments, but also on general history. In 1811 he was made
doctor of theology, in 1813 jciut-director of the Royal
