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ADRA, in geography, a fea-port town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada,. 37 miles_ S. E. of Granada, and 12 S. W. of Almeria, 1. 10. W: long. 36. o. lat. ADRACANTH. See Tkagacanth. ADRACHNE, in botany, an obfolete name of a fpecies of arbutus. See Arbutus. ADRAMMELECH, in antiquity, or mythology, a deity worfhipped by the inhabitants of Sepharvaim, a people planted in the Holy Land by the kings of Affyna, after Salmanazar had taken Samaria, and put a final period to the kingdom of Ifrael. The worfhippers of Adrammeleeh burnt their children in the fire to the honour of that idol. The name is Perfian, and fignifies the magnificent king. ADRIUNE, in botany, an obfolete name of the cyclamen. See Cyclamen. ADROBE, the name of two rivers in that part of Afiatic Tartary which is fubjeft to Mofcovy : They both , fall into the Wolga beneath Cazan. ADSCRIPTS, a term ufedby fome mathematicians for the natural tangents. See Tangent. AD SI DELLAj in antiquity, the table at which the flamens fat during the facrifices. ADSTAT, a fmall town belonging to Denmark in the ifiand of Iceland, not far from Holar. ADSTRICTION, among phyficians, a term ufed to denote the rigidity of any part. ADVANCE, in the mercantile ftyle, denotes money paid before goods are delivered, work done, or bufinefs performed. ADVANCED ditch, in fortification, is that which furrounds the'glacis or efplanade of a place. Advanced guard, or vanguard, in the art of war, the firft line or divifion of an army, ranged, or marching in order -of battle; or, it is that part which is next the enemy, and marches firft towards them. Advanced guard, is more paticularly ufed for a fmall party of horfe ftationed before the main-guard. ADVANCER, among fportfmen, one of the ftarts, or branches of a buck’s attire, between the back antler and the palm. ADUAR, in the Arabian and Moorifh cuftoms, a kind of ambulatory village, confifting of tents, which thefe people remove from one place to another, as fuits their conveniency. ADVENT, in the kalendar, properly fignifies the approach of the feaft of the Nativity. It includes four fundays, which begin on St Andrew’s day, or on the Sunday before or after it. During advent, and to the end of the oflaves of Epiphany, the folemnizing of marriage is forbid, without a fpecial licence. ADVENTITIOUS, an epithet applied to any thing that is accidental or fortuitous. AD VENTREM infpiciendum, in law, a writ by which a woman is to be fearched v/hether fhe be with child by a former hufband, on her with-holding of lands from the next, failing iffue of her own body. ADVENTURE, in a general fenfe, fome extraordinary or accidental event. It alfq denotes a hazardous or difficult undertaking. Bill ^Adventure, among merchants, a writing fign-
ed by a merchant, teftifying the goods mentioned in it to be (hipped on board a certain veffel belonging to another perfon, who is to run all hazards; the merchant only obliging himfelf to account to him for the produce. ADVENTURER, in a general fenfe, denotes one who hazards fomething. • ADVERB, in grammar, a word joined to verbs, expreffing the manner, time, 'be. of an adtion: thus, in the phrafe, he ny'as warmly attached to the interejl cf his majler, the'word warmly is an adverb. See Grammar. ADVERSARIA, among the ancients, a book of accounts, not unlike our journals, or day-books. It is more particularly ufed for a kind of common-placebook. See Common-place-book. ADVERSARY, a perfon who is an enemy to, or oppofes another. ADVERSATIVE, in grammar, a word expreffingfome difference between what goes before and what follows ' it. Thus, in the phrafe, he is an honejl man, but a great enthujiafi, the word but is an adverfative conjunction. ADVERSATOR, in antiquity, a fervant who attended the rich in returning from fupper, to give'them notice of any obftacles in the way, at which they might be apt to ftumble. ADVERTISEMENT, in a general fenfe, denotes any information given to perfons interefted in an affair; and is more particularly ufed for a brief account of an affair inferred in the public papers, for the information of all concerned. ADULT, an appellation given to any thing that is arrived at maturity : Thus we fay, an adult perfon, an adult plant, be. Among civilians, it denotes a youth between fourteen and twenty-five years of age. ADULTERATION, the adt of^ebafing, by an improper mixture, fomething that v/as pure and genuine ADULTERY, an unlawful commerce between one married perfon and another, or between a married and unmarried perfom See Scots Law, titles, Marriage, and Crimes. ADVOCATE, among the Romans, a perfon who undertook the defence of caufes. The term is ftill kept up in all countries where the civil law obtains. King's Advocate, is the principal crown-lawyer in Scotland. His bufinefs is to adt as a public profecutor, and to plead in all caufes that concern the crown; but particularly in fuch as' are of a criminal nature. The office of King’s advocate is not very ancient: It feems to have been eftabjilhed about the beginning of the 16th century. Originally he had no power to profecute crimes without the concurrence of a private party; but in the year 1597, he was impowered to profecute crimes at his own inftance. Faculty ^/’Advocates, in Scotland, a refpedlable body of lawyers, who plead in all caufes before the Courts of Seffion, Judiciary, and Exchequer. They are alfo intitled to plead in the houfe of peeis, and other fupreme courts in England. In the year 1660, the faculty founded a library upon
