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p, 71 f.), the Ḥaṭeph is necessary[1] when, in a strengthened medial consonant with Šewâ (consequently not in cases like וַיְהִי, &c.), preceded by a Pathaḥ, the sign of the strengthening (Dageš forte) has fallen away, e.g. הַֽלֲלוּ (but ed. Mant. and Ginsb. הַלְלוּ praise ye! וַתְּאַֽלֲצֵהוּ Ju 1616; no less universally, where after a consonant with Šewâ the same consonant follows (to separate them more sharply, and hence with a Metheg always preceding), e.g. סוֹרֲרִים ψ 689; קִֽלֲלָֽתְךָ (ed. Mant. and Ginsb. קִלְל׳ Gn 2713 (but not without exceptions, e.g. חִקְקֵי־ Ju 515, Is 101; צִלְלֵי Jer 64, and so always הִנְנִי behold me, הִנְנוּ behold us; on כְ before the suffix ךָ, see § 20 b); also in certain forms under Kaph and Rêš after a long vowel and before the tone, e.g. תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֫נָּה Gn 317; בָּֽרֲכִי ψ 1031; וַתְּשָֽׁרֲתֵ֫הוּ 1 K 14 (but וְיִתְבָּ֫רְכוּ ψ 7217, cf. Jer 42, 1 Ch 2920, because the tone is thrown back on to the ā. After ē Šewâ remains even before the tone, as בֵּֽרְכוּ &c.; but before Maqqef אֵֽלֲכָה־נָּא Baer Ex 418, 2 S 157 Jer 4015, but ed. Mant., Jabl., Ginsb. אֵֽלְ׳)[2]; (b) under initial sibilants after וּ copulative, e.g. וּֽזֲהַב Gn 212; cf. Jer 4820; וּֽסֲחַר Is 4514; וּֽשֲׂדֵה Lv 2534; וּֽשֲׁקָה Gn 2726; וּֽשֲׁמָע Nu 2318, Is 3717, Dn 918, cf. Ju 512, 1 K 1421, 2 K 917, Jb 141, Ec 97—to emphasize the vocal character of the Šewâ. For the same reason under the emphatic ט in הֽוּטֲלוּ Jer 2228; cf. Jb 3325; after Qôph in וּֽקֲדָרְתִּי (so Baer, but ed. Mant., Jabl., Ginsb. וּקְ׳) Ez 2341; וּֽקֲרָב־ ψ 5522; cf. Jer. 329; under Rêš in אֵֽרֲדָה (ed. Mant. אֵֽרְ׳). Gn 1821; וּֽרֲעֵם ψ 289; even under ת Eze 2621[3]; under ב Est 28; וּבֵֽרֲכֶךָּ so Jabl., Ginsb., but ed. Mant. וּבֵֽרְ׳ Dt 2413; (c) under sonants, sibilants or Qôph after ĭ, e.g. יִֽצֲחַק Gn 216, cf. 3038 and Ez 2128 (under ק); אִֽמֲרוֹת ψ 127; הֲתִֽמֲלֹךְ Jer 2215; כִֽנֲרוֹת Jos 112; בִּֽסֲבָךְ־ ψ 745, —for the same reason as the cases under b[4]; according to Baer also in שִֽׁפֲמוֹת 1 S 3028; יִֽפְגָֽשֲׁךָ Gn 3218 after ŏ (cf. § 9 v), as well as after a in הַֽקֲשִׁיבָה Dn 919; הַֽבֲרָכָה Gn 2738; הַֽמֲצֹרָעִים 2 K 78.

 [h]  B. The Ḥaṭeph-Qameṣ is less restricted to the gutturals than the first two, and stands more frequently for a simple Šewâ mobile when an original O-sound requires to be partly preserved, e.g. at the beginning, in רֳאִי (ground-form rŏʾy) vision (cf. § 93 z); כֳּנַנְיָהוּ 2 Ch 3112, &c., Qerê (Keeth. כונ״); עַמֳּנִיּוֹת Ammonitish women, 1 K 111 (sing. עַמּוֹנִית); יִרְדֳּפֶ֑ךָ for the usual יִרְדְּפֶ֑ךָ Ez 356, from יִרְדֹּף; תִקֳּבֶ֫נּוּ Nu 2325, Jer 3133, and elsewhere before suffixes, cf. § 60 a; קָדְקֳדוֹ his pate (from קָדְקֹד) ψ 717, &c.; אֶשְׁקֳטָה Is 184 Qerê. Further, like ־ֲ, it stands under consonants, which ought to have Dageš forte, as in לֻֽקֳחָה (for לֻקְּחָה) Gn 223. In this example, as in וּֽסֳעָ֫דְה 1 K 137; וּֽסֳאָה 2 K 718; and וּֽצֳעָ֫קִי Jer 2220, the Ḥaṭeph-Qameṣ is no doubt due to the influence of the

  1. ↑ See Delitzsch, ‘Bemerkungen über masoretisch treue Darstellung des alttestam. Textes,’ in the Ztschr. f. luth. Theol. u. Kirche, vol. xxiv. 1863, p. 409 ff.
  2. ↑ On the uncertainty of the MSS. in some cases which come under a, see Minḥat shay (the Masoretic comm. in ed. Mant.) on Gn 123 and Ju 76.
  3. ↑ Critical annotation: וּֽתֲבֻֿקְשִׁׄי in Eze 2621 in Aleppo codex.—A. E. A.
  4. ↑ Ben-Asher requires ־ֲ for ־ְ (even for Šewâ quiescens) generally before a guttural or ר; hence Baer reads in 2 S 155 בִּֽקַרָב־, ψ 187 אֶֽקֲרָא; ψ 4915 לִֽשֲׁאוֹל; ψ 655 תִּֽבֲחַר; ψ 6824 תִּֽמֲחַץ; Pr 3017 תִּֽלֲעַג; Jb 2925 אֶֽבֲחַר; cf. Delitzsch, Psalms, 12:7, note.
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