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479—505.
ILIAD. XVIII.
351

rating it all over, and around it he threw a shining border, triple and glittering, and from it [there hung] a silver belt. Of the shield itself, there were five folds; but on it he formed many curious works, with cunning skill. On it he wrought the earth, and the heaven, and the sea, the unwearied sun, and the full moon. On it also [he represented] all the constellations with which the heaven is crowned, the Pleïades, the Hyades, and the strength of Orion, and the Bear,[1] which they also call by the appellation of the Wain, which there revolves, and watches Orion;[2] but it alone is free[3] from the baths of the ocean.

In it likewise he wrought two fair cities[4] of articulate speaking men. In the one, indeed, there were marriages and feasts; and they were conducting the brides from their chambers through the city with brilliant torches,[5] and many a bridal song[6] was raised. The youthful dancers were wheeling round, and among them pipes and lyres uttered a sound; and the women standing, each at her portals, admired. And people were crowded together in an assembly, and there a contest had arisen; for two men contended for the ransom-money of a slain man: the one affirmed that he had paid all, appealing to the people; but the other denied, [averring] that he had received naught: and both wished to find an end [of the dispute] before a judge.[7] The people were applauding both—supporters of either party, and the heralds were keeping back the people; but the elders sat upon polished stones, in a sacred[8] circle, and [the pleaders[9]] held in their hands the

  1. Cf. Virg. Georg. i. 137; Æn. i. 748; iii. 516.
  2. Orion ascends above the horizon, as though in pursuit of the Wain, which in return seems to observe his movements. Manilius, i. 500: "Arctos et Orion adversis frontibus ibant," which is compared by Scaliger, p. 28.
  3. Aratus, Dios. 48: Ἄρκτοι κυανεοῦ πεφυλαγμένοι ὠκεανοῖο. Virg. Georg. i. 246: "Arctos Oceani metuentes æquore tingi." The student of ancient astronomy will do well to compare Scaliger on Manil. i. p. 43, 2; Casuab. on Strabo, i. init.
  4. Cf. Hesiod, Scut. Herc. 270, sqq.
  5. The escort took place at even-tide.
  6. On the origin of this term, see Serv. on Virg. Æn. i. 655.
  7. Or, "on the testimony of witnesses." See Kennedy.
  8. See Heyne on x. 56. So σέλμα σεμνὸν, "the seat of justice."—Æsch. Ag. 183.
  9. See Kennedy, who has collected the Homeric passages concerning lawsuits.