ALLEMANNI, Pietro, an Italian painter of Ascoli, flourishing towards the close of the fifteenth century. He was a pupil of Carlo Crivelli, and became one of the most distinguished artists of that school.
ALLEN, Edmund, educated at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, and a fugitive under Mary. Queen Elizabeth nominated him to the bishopric of Rochester, but he never held the see, dying soon after the appointment had been made in 1559. He translated Melancthon's Treatise on the Sacrament.
ALLEN, Ethan, the famous champion of the liberties of Vermont, before and during the American war. He was born in Connecticut on the 10th of January, 1737, but ere long removed to the district with which his name has been so closely associated. There he became the leader of the settlers in their resistance to the claims made by the governor of New York, and successfully vindicated their rights till the breaking out of the Revolution.
After the battle of Lexington, Allen raised a corps in Vermont, noted in the annals of the war as "The Green Mountain Boys." It consisted of 230 men, and was speedily made illustrious by the brilliant and successful attack on the fortress of Ticonderoga in 1775, the surrender of which, Allen tells us, he demanded "in the name of the great Jehovah and of the Continental Congress." In the attempt made upon Montreal in the autumn of the same year he was not so fortunate, but was taken prisoner and carried to England, where he was confined in Pendennis castle; but having again been removed to New York, he was set at liberty after the victory at Saratoga in 1778. His brave deeds had not been forgotten by Washington, who gave him a hearty welcome, and showed him the greatest respect. The state of his health did not admit of further military service, but he retired to Vermont, and made himself active in maintaining its independence, both against the adjoining States and against the English government.
Allen occupied himself also in literary pursuits, writing in all four works; the most interesting is, "A Narrative of Colonel Ethan Allen's Captivity," (Philadelphia, 1779,) which is distinguished by the graphic style in which he details his exploits, and for the vehemence with which, disregarding the ordinary polish of historical writing, he inveighs against his enemies. He wrote also a book, named "Reason the only Oracle of Man, or a Complete System of Natural Religion," (Bennington, 1784,) to which there attaches considerable interest; for, as Dr. Dwight tells us in his book of travels, "It was the first formal publication in the United States openly directed against the Christian religion." Allen died in 1789. The latest account of his life is named, "Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Heroes of '76, with a Sketch of the Early History of Vermont, by Henry W. De Puy," (Buffalo, 1853.)—(Duyckinck's Cyclopædia of American Literature, vol. i.)—J. B.
ALLEN, Ira, brother of the preceding, wrote the "Natural and Political History of the State of Vermont," 1798.
ALLEN, John, D.D., archbishop of Dublin, to which see he was promoted in 1528. He was educated at Oxford, and in 1515 was employed by Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, as his agent to the see of Rome, where he resided nine years. On his return, he became chaplain to Wolsey, and was accounted "the only match for Stephen Gardiner," another of Wolsey's chaplains, for avoiding of which emulation he was sent to Ireland. He was one of Wolsey's great abetters in procuring the dissolution of forty of the lesser monasteries for the endowment of the cardinal's colleges at Oxford and Ipswich. He was about the same time appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland, but was deprived of this office in July, 1532, at the instance of Gerald, earl of Kildare. In 1534, when Thomas Fitzgerald, commonly called the "Silken Lord," broke out into open rebellion, and laid siege to Dublin, Allen, with other lords, at first sought refuge in the castle, under the protection of the constable; but fearful of the result, he embarked in a vessel from Dames Gate, with the intention of flying to England. He was unfortunately stranded at Clontarf, where he hurried to the mansion of Mr. Hollywood of Artane. On his way he was intercepted, or, as other accounts state, on the following morning was dragged out of the house of his entertainer, and there, "feeble from age and sickness, kneeling in his shirt and mantle, bequeathing his soul to God, his body to the traitors' mercy, he was murdered in the presence of Lord Thomas on the 28th July, 1534."—(Dalton.)—J. F. W.
ALLEN or ALLEYN, John, an English physician, author of several works on medical science. He died in 1741.
ALLEN, John, pastor of a Baptist church, Spitalfields, a high Calvinist of ability, but deficient in principle. In 1769 he settled as pastor of a church in Newcastle, but soon left through misconduct. He then went to New York, where he preached to large congregations till his death. He was editor of "The Spiritual Magazine," (1752,) a work warmly commended by Romaine.—J. A., L.
ALLEN, John, a learned dissenting layman, born at Truro in 1771, a proprietor of a private academy at Hackney for upwards of thirty years. He died in 1839. He published translations of Outram on Sacrifices (1817), of Sermons by Superville (1816), and of Calvin's Institutes (1813, 1838). His original works are—"The Fathers, the Reformers, &c., in Harmony with Calvin," &c., by a Layman, (1812); "Memoirs of the Life of the late Major-General Andrew Burn," (2 vols., 1815); and "Modern Judaism, or a brief Account of the Opinions, Traditions, Rites, and Ceremonies of the Jews in Modern Times," (1816 and 1830.) The last work is still the best book on this subject in the Engish tongue.—J. A., L.
ALLEN, John, M.D., was born near Edinburgh in 1770, and took his degree at the university of that city in 1791. He was a zealous member of the association then instituted for procuring parliamentary reform, while he gained fame as a lecturer on comparative anatomy. For forty years he resided at Holland house, as the confidant and friend of Lord Holland. He was noted for his research into matters of history, especially connected with the Anglo-Saxons. His detached works are—"An Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Royal Prerogative in England," and "A Vindication of the Independence of Scotland;" but he was best known as a contributor to the "Edinburgh Review," for which he wrote about forty articles, of one of which Sir James Mackintosh says that it was written "by one of the most acute and learned of our constitutional antiquaries." Mr. Allen held the office of Master of Dulwich college, and died in April, 1843.—(Gentleman's Magazine.)—J. B.
ALLEN, Joseph W., a painter, whose "Vale of Clwyd," "Leith Hill," and other landscapes, attracted considerable attention. He took part in establishing the Society of British Artists, and held a professorship of drawing in the City of London school. Died in 1852.—(Gentleman's Magazine.)
ALLEN, Richard, a learned Baptist minister, who preached in Barbican, and elsewhere in London. He died in 1717, and is the author of two volumes, published anonymously, under the title of "Biographia Ecclesiastica."—J. A., L.
ALLEN or ALLEYN, Thomas, an English mathematician of the Elizabethan era, whose attainments made the vulgar suspect him of sorcery. Patronized by the earl of Leicester, he was accused of practising magic, to obtain for that nobleman the hand of the queen. Allen has left some works of an astrological nature, still in manuscript. Born 1542; died 1632.—A. M.
ALLEN, Thomas, a nonconformist, born at Norwich in 1608, was educated at Caius college, Cambridge, and became minister of St. Edmund's, Norwich. But he would not read the Book of Sports, and was therefore silenced in 1636. In 1651 he became rector of St. George's, Norwich, but was rejected for nonconformity in 1662. He published a "Chain of Scripture Chronology." Died in 1673.—J. E.
ALLEN, Thomas, an English author, born in 1803; died in 1833. His principal works are: "The History of the Antiquities of the parish of Lambeth, and the archiepiscopal palace in the county of Surrey, including biographical sketches of the most remarkable persons who have been born, or who have resided there, from the earliest period to 1826," 4to, London, 1827; "The History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and the parts adjacent," 4 vols. 8vo; and "A History of the County of Lincoln."—A. M.
ALLEN, William, a man of science and a distinguished philanthropist, was born in 1770. His father was a silk weaver in Spitalfields, London, and the son, being early introduced to the same business, received a very limited education; but the force of his natural genius, aided by habits of uncommon industry, enabled him to surmount every obstruction. Quitting his occupation at the loom, he obtained employment in the well-known chemical establishment at Plough Court, Lombard Street, in which he afterwards became the leading partner. Here the energies of his mind found a congenial sphere. Whilst his days were spent in diligent attention to business, many of the hours usually allotted to rest were devoted to study. His mind ranged
