both in the state and in the church. His publications were very numerous, both in Latin and German, but all of small bulk, with a view to their wider diffusion both among the learned classes and the general mass of his countrymen. His principal works were: "Menippus, sive satyricorum dialogorum centuria;" "Subsidia sacræ et literariæ rei;" "Theophilus, seu de religione Christiana colenda;" "Syntagma de curiositatis pernicie;" "Idea Societatis Christianæ;" "Invitatio ad fraternitatem Christi." He left also an interesting autobiography, which, was translated into German, and published by D. C. Seybold in 1799. Some of his writings make it probable that he was a member of the secret fraternity of the Rosicrucians, which professed the same practical principles.—P. L.
ANDREÆ, Tobias, a physician and philosopher of Bremen, who lived in the seventeenth century, and suffered persecution. He was a zealous adherent of Descartes, and professed to have invented an infallible process for embalming dead bodies.
ANDREANI, Andrea, surnamed from his birthplace Il Mantovano, a lively and correct painter of the Roman school, who also distinguished himself as an engraver on wood. Born in 1540; died in 1623.
ANDREAS, an archbishop of Krayna in Carinthia, who lived in the latter part of the fifteenth century. Having been sent to the court of Rome by the Emperor Frederick III., he boldly rebuked the vices and corruption of the clergy, and the pope himself. For this he was imprisoned; and when liberated by the intervention of the emperor, he hastened to Basle, attempted to convoke a general council to reform the church, and sent to all the courts of Europe a protest against the conduct of the pope. He was at last thrown into prison, where, after some months, he was privately strangled in 1484.—J. W. S.
ANDREAS, Juan, a Spanish jesuit, was born in Valencia in 1740, devoted himself to science and literature, became librarian to the king of Naples, and died in 1817. He is the author of a great number of scientific and literary works.
ANDREAS, Valerius, a Flemish bibliographer, was born at Brabant in 1588, became librarian to the university of Louvain, and died in 1656.
ANDREASSI, Yppolito, a Mantuan painter of the sixteenth century, a pupil of Giulio Romano.
ANDREHAN, ANDREYHON, or ANDENCHAN, Arnoul, a marshal of France of the fourteenth century, who distinguished himself in many engagements with the English and the Spaniards.
ANDREI´NI, Francesco, an Italian comedian, who lived at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries.
ANDREINI, Giovanni Batista, son of Francesco and Isabella, born at Florence, 1568, died at Paris, 1652. He wrote a drama on the fall of man, which is said to have suggested to Milton his "Paradise Lost."
ANDREINI, Isabella, an Italian poetess, the wife of Francesco Andreini, was born at Padua in 1562, became distinguished for talent and beauty, and died at Lyons in 1604.
ANDREINI, Pietro Andrea, a learned antiquary of Florence, was born in 1650, and died in 1720.
ANDRELI´NI, Publio Fausto, an Italian poet of the fifteenth century, was professor of classical literature in the university of Paris. His poems were said by Vossius to consist of a drop of sense lost in a stream of words.
ANDREOLI GIORGIO DA GUBBIO, an Italian painter and sculptor of the beginning of the sixteenth century. He is especially noted for his beautiful terra-cottas, in the style of Lucca della Robbia, whose only successful imitator he was. His family continued working in Majolia-ware until the end of the century, at Urbino.—R. M.
ANDREOSSI, Antoine François, Count, was born at Castelnaudary in 1761, and died at Montauban in 1828. He served with some distinction under Napoleon as an artillery officer and military engineer.
ANDREOSSI, François, a French engineer, who assisted Riquet in constructing the canal of Languedoc. He was born at Paris in 1633, and died in his fifty-sixth year.
ANDREOZZI, Gaetano, a relation and pupil of the celebrated Jomelli. He was born about the middle of the last century, and held the office of maestro di capella to the king of Naples, in whose capital he acquired great popularity as a dramatic composer, which rapidly spread all over Italy. His opera of "Catone" was produced at Florence in 1787, and that of "Agesilao" at Venice the year following. Besides these, his "Arbace" and his "Olimpiade" were the most esteemed among his dramatic works. From the character of his subjects, we may suppose that his predilection was for the tragic style. Such an inclination would best enable him to succeed, as we are told he did, in his oratorio of "La Passione di Gesù Cristo." He is said also to have written much chamber music, among which his violin quartets may be highly considered.—G. A. M.
ANDRES, Antonio, a Franciscan monk of Arragon, of the 13th and 14th centuries, a zealous disciple of Duns Scotus.
ANDRES, Bonaventura Juan, a jesuit of Nürnberg, who after the suppression of his order, became professor in the university of Würzburg, and died in 1822.
ANDRES, Carlos, a Spanish advocate and author, brother of Juan, was born in 1753, and died in 1820.
ANDRES DE GUSSEME, Thomas, a Spanish archæologist and numismatist of the last century.
ANDRES DE SAN NICOLAS, an Augustine monk of Peru in the seventeenth century, who was historiographer of his order, and provincial-general of New Grenada.
ANDRES DE USTARROZ, Juan Francisco, a Spanish historian, who lived in the earlier half of the 17th century. He has left numerous works.
ANDRES, Juan, a Spanish writer on philosophy, was born in 1740; died 1817.
ANDREW, one of Christ's apostles, and brother of Simon Peter, was a native of Bethsaida in Galilee. Originally a disciple of John the Baptist, he was led by what he heard from his master to visit Jesus, and becoming fully persuaded that he was the Messiah, transferred his allegiance to him. One of the first steps which he took after reaching this conviction, was to conduct his brother Simon to the Saviour, and both of them, after a brief period, became his stated followers, in compliance with an invitation from himself. Although Andrew seems, from several circumstances mentioned in the gospels, to have enjoyed much of the confidence of Christ, yet he never took the same lead among the disciples as his brother. It is but little information that is to be found regarding him in Scripture. On Philip's application, he concurred with him in introducing to our Lord certain Greeks who were desirous of seeing him. He was one of the four who obtained from Christ private information regarding the destiny of the temple. Tradition assigns to him Greece, Asia Minor, Scythia, Thrace, as scenes of labour, and alleges that he suffered martyrdom at Patræ in Achaia. He was long regarded as the patron saint of Scotland, and the cross of St. Andrew was the badge of the Knights of the Thistle.—W. L.
ANDREW, three kings of Hungary, of the house of Arpad bore this name:—
Andrew I. was the fourth sovereign of Magyars, and appears to have reigned from 1046 to 1061. He perished in battle against the Poles, having been betrayed by his own subjects.
Andrew II. the eighteenth king of the dynasty, came to the throne in 1205. He signed in 1222 the celebrated "Golden Bull," the foundation of the Hungarian constitution, and died much esteemed in 1235.
Andrew III. the twenty-second and last sovereign of the race of Arpad, succeeded to the crown in 1290; and after vanquishing several rival claimants, died in 1300.—J. W. S.
ANDREW or ANDREASSO of Hungary was born at Baden in 1324, and succeeded to the throne of Naples. In 1345 he was strangled at the instigation of his wife Joanna.
ANDREW, Alexandrowitch, a grand-duke of Russia, a son of Alexander Newski, who flourished in the 13th century, and was engaged in civil war against his brother Demetrius.
ANDREW, Jaroslawowitch, a younger brother of Alexander Newski, rebelled against the Moguls, and died 1264.
ANDREW, Hyacintho, a Spanish physician of Cataluna, professor at the college of Barcelona in the 17th century.
ANDREW, James, a mathematician of Aberdeen, was born in 1774, and died at Edinburgh in 1833. He was head-master of the military college at Addiscombe. He is the author also of "Institute of Grammar, &c., &c.," "Key to Scripture Chronology," and published some astronomical tables.
ANDREWE, Laurence, a native of Calais, who settled as a printer in London at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and translated a variety of Dutch works into English.
ANDREWES, Lancelot, D.D., bishop of Winchester, was born in the city of London, in the parish of All Saints, Barking, in the year 1555, "of honest and religious parents." He was
