the eldest of thirteen children, of whom several died young, and two, Thomas and Nicholas, in the same year with himself. Having been well grounded, first at the Coopers' Free School in Radcliffe by Dr. Ward, and, second, at Merchant Tailors' School by Dr. Mulcaster, he entered Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, a.d. 1571; became B.A. in January, 1574-5; Fellow of Pembroke Hall, October, 1576; M.A., 1578; B.D., 1585; D.D., 1590. At college he soon acquired so great a reputation for learning, that in his first year he was selected as a scholar of Jesus College, Oxford, which had been lately founded. He was ordained deacon in 1580, and became, successively, vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; prebendary and residentiary of St. Paul's; prebendary of Southwell; master of Pembroke Hall; prebendary and dean of Westminster; and bishop of Chichester (1605), Ely (1609), and Winchester (1618). He enjoyed the favour and respect of three sovereigns, viz., Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I. He was master of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and fifteen modern tongues; so that Fuller quaintly, and perhaps extravagantly says, "the world wanted learning to know how learned this man was: so skilled in all (especially Oriental) languages, that some conceive he might, if then living, almost have served as an interpreter-general at the confusion of tongues."
This acquaintance with language and divinity, and the known holiness of his life, caused him to be chosen as one of the translators of the English Bible, whose "uncommon beauty and marvellous English" is the admiration even of those who refuse to adopt it. The portion assigned "to Andrewes and his company was the Pentateuch, and the history from the book of Joshua to the 1st book of Chronicles exclusive."—(Collier.) As a preacher, it would be difficult to find his superior. He never leaves a subject till he has completely exhausted it: drawing the happiest illustrations from every source; comparing, explaining, enforcing, with a mixture of quaintness, learning, earnestness, and reverence, which cannot fail to please, interest, and persuade. His sermons and numerous works, with a life, and various other documents respecting him, have been lately reprinted in the "Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology," by Mr. J. H. Parker of Oxford. His "Devotions," which are well but not sufficiently known, were composed in Greek and Latin, for his own private daily life; and for some time before his death the MS. was scarcely ever out of his hands. It was found worn in pieces by his fingers, and wet with his tears. "Indeed," says Bishop Buckeridge, "his life was a life of prayer. Great part of five hours every day did he spend in prayer." And of his end it is said by the same writer, "When he could pray no longer with his voice, yet by lifting up his eyes and his hands he prayed still; and when both voice and eyes and hands failed in their office, then with his heart he still prayed, until it pleased God to receive his blessed soul to himself."—(Funeral Sermon.) He died Sept. 25, 1626, aged 71; and was buried on Saturday, Nov. 11, in the parish church of St. Saviour's, Southwark (close to London Bridge), where the original monument, with a recumbent effigy of the bishop, may still be seen. A very elegant Latin epitaph, which no longer remains in the church, is preserved in his works, and is prefixed, with a portrait, to the folio edition of his sermons. He was never married; and left nearly the whole of a very large property in various charities, especially to the parishes of which he had been minister, or in which he had lived. The whole sum thus bequeathed in his will was £6326. He had, however, not reserved his liberality till after death, "giving his goods to the poor when he could keep them no longer," but during life had been always most munificent; for, besides public charities, he gave in private alms, in the last six years alone, £1340. May "the fame of him," indeed, "stir up many to follow his example."—T. S. P.
ANDREWS, Gerard, D.D., dean of Canterbury, and rector of St. James's, Piccadilly, was born at Leicester, April 3, 1750, and died June 2, 1825.
ANDREWS, James Petit, an English historian, was born at Newbury, in Berkshire, in 1737, distinguished by his exertions on behalf of children apprenticed to chimney-sweepers, and died in 1797. He is the author of a "History of Great Britain, connected with the Chronology of Europe;" a "Continuation of Henry's History of Great Britain;" and of "Anecdotes, Ancient and Modern, with Observations."—J. W. S.
ANDREWS, John, a voluminous writer on politics and history, now almost forgotten. He died about 1809.
ANDREWS, Peter Miles, an English dramatic author of little merit, who died in 1814.
* ANDREWS, Thomas, M.D., F.R.S., M.R.I.A., vice-president of Queen's college, Belfast, is a native of that town, where he received the first rudiments of his education. Thence he went, while still a youth, to France; and in the course of his education there, had the advantage of studying under M. Dumas of Paris, who was then taking the high position he now occupies among the distinguished chemists of that country. Returning to Ireland he entered the university of Dublin, and in the year 1835 he obtained the degree of doctor of medicine in the university of Edinburgh. From an early period of his life Dr. Andrews devoted himself to scientific investigations; and the important results of his labours have been, from time to time, published in the "Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," the "Philosophical Transactions," and various scientific journals. His attention was for many years, in an especial degree, directed to the investigation of the important and difficult subject of the heat developed in chemical combination; and for his earlier labours in this field of research, he was, in 1845, awarded a royal medal by the council of the Royal Society of London. The council, in its report on making this award, states, "Dr. Andrews may be said to have first opened the subject of heat evolved in chemical combinations, by a valuable paper, published three years ago, which was followed by a second, and attracted to the inquiry the attention of the French Academy, who lately proposed it as the subject of the great Monthyon prize, with special reference to the experiments of Dr. Andrews." The report proceeds to describe the subsequent results obtained by Dr. Andrews in this subject, and we quote from it the opinion the council entertained as to the value of these investigations:—"This extension or generalization of his former law is possessed of much chemical interest, and is the first great step in a line of inquiry of which the further pursuit is greatly to be desired, from the light which it may be expected to throw upon the fundamental laws of chemical combination." Dr. Andrews afterwards received a reward of one thousand francs from the Academy of Sciences, Paris, for his researches on the same subject. The latest scientific work published by Dr. Andrews is an investigation into the nature and properties of that singular body to which its discoverer, M. Schönbein, has given the name of ozone. Upon the establishment of the Queen's colleges in Ireland in 1845, Dr. Andrews was appointed vice-president of the college at Belfast, and in 1849 was selected to fill the chair of chemistry in the same college. In the same year he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society.—J. F. W.
ANDREZEL, Barthelemy Philibert Picon d', a French priest, inspector-general of the university; died in 1825.
ANDRIA, Nicola, a learned physician of Massafra in Italy, afterwards professor at Naples, who wrote on a variety of physiological and chemical subjects. He died in 1814.
* ANDRIAN-WARBURG, Victor, Baron von, an Austrian political writer, born in 1813.
ANDRIAS, Juan, an author of Xativa in Valentia, flourished in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and published a controversial work against Mohammedanism.
ANDRIES, Jodicus, a jesuit, born at Cortryck in 1588, died at Brussels in 1658; wrote an immense host of sermons, both in Latin and Dutch.
ANDRIEU, a monk, who lived before the 13th century; the author of a work entitled the "Penitence of Adam."
ANDRIEU, Bertrand, a French medalist, was born at Bordeaux in 1761, and died in 1822.
ANDRIEUX, François Guillaume Jean Stanislas, professor of belles-lettres in the Polytechnic School of Paris, was born at Strasburg in 1759. He received his early education at the college of Cardinal Lemoine, and at the age of seventeen commenced the study of law at the École de Droit. In 1741 he was admitted avocat by the parliament of Paris, and the following year produced his first play, entitled "Anaximandre," which was performed at the Italian theatre. The death of his father having left him to his own resources, he accepted the office of secretary to the Duc d'Uzés; but finding the duties uncongenial, he returned to law, and soon obtained some reputation by his defence of the Abbé Mulot, who was implicated in the celebrated case of the diamond necklace. The defence was published in 1786, and in 1787 he brought out his comedy, "Les Etourdis," which obtained the favourable criticisms of La Harpe and Palissot. The success of this drama induced Andrieux to devote himself more exclusively to literature than to law; and when the great Revolution broke out, he hailed its appearance in some
