every way estimable; she was a fond mother, we are told, a tender wife, and an indulgent mistress; and after being relieved from the thraldom of the Marlboroughs, she showed that she possessed a kind and charitable disposition. Queen Mary died at the end of the year 1694; and, unhappily, the sisters were not on good terms at the time of her death. After that event, the princess made overtures to William for a reconciliation, to which William consented, out of policy. He at the same time had a cordial dislike to her; he is reported to have said, that if he had married the Princess Anne, he would have been the most miserable man alive; and Lady Marlborough says that he often treated her with less respect, than if she had been the wife of a Dutch burgomaster. Anne herself seems to have heartily reciprocated his dislike. But while James II. and his son were alive, and their claims to the crown supported by the Jacobites in England and Scotland, and by several foreign powers, both William and Anne felt it necessary, interested as they were in the maintenance of the protestant succession, to wear at least the outward semblance of amity. It was arranged accordingly in 1696, that she should live at St. James's Palace, and have the use of Windsor in the summer. In 1700 Anne was plunged into the deepest distress by the death of her only surviving child, the duke of Gloucester, a few days after he had completed his eleventh year. He was a lively and precocious child, and many interesting anecdotes are told of him. But in 1698 William had appointed Bishop Burnet his tutor against the wishes of Anne; and Burnet appears to have greatly overtasked the brain of the poor little prince, to whom he taught jurisprudence, the feudal system, mathematics, &c. The boy was afflicted with water on the brain, which makes this mode of treatment the more extraordinary. The one prominent feeling in Anne's mind at his death seems to have been remorse, on account of her undutiful conduct to her father. She wrote to James II. in a strain of the deepest penitence, saying that she regarded this blow as a judgment upon her for her former conduct.
In 1702 she ascended the throne. The great and glorious events of her reign belong to the history of England, not to the biography of Queen Anne, except so far as their course was modified by her own views or prepossessions. She was thoroughly conservative in sentiment, and sincerely attached to the church of England; and it must be mentioned to her honour, that she voluntarily deprived herself of the revenue derived to the crown from the first-fruits and tenths of ecclesiastical benefices, in order to found therewith the fund for the augmentation of small livings, known to this day as "Queen Anne's bounty." This was in 1704. During all the early part of her reign, the Marlboroughs retained their ascendancy at court and at the council table. The Whigs had it all their own way; they carried on vigorously the war with France; and the great victories of Blenheim, Ramillies, and Malplaquet, attested the military genius of Marlborough. In 1708 Prince George of Denmark died. In 1709 occurred the famous trial of Dr. Sacheverel before the House of Lords, for preaching the doctrine of passive obedience. All the Tory and Jacobite feeling in the country was aroused in his favour, and the odium which his trial excited against the government was one of the chief causes of the downfall of the Whigs. Another cause was, that by this time the duchess of Marlborough had been completely supplanted in the queen's affections by a new favourite, Mrs. Masham, once a humble dependent of the duchess, but now more powerful at court than her old mistress. The Whig ministry fell in 1710; the duke of Marlborough was deprived of all his employments; a new ministry was formed under Harley, the friend and ally of Mrs. Masham; peace was concluded; and the treaty of Utrecht followed in 1713. In the following year, on the 1st August, Anne died of an attack of dropsy. In person she is described to have been stout; she had dark-brown hair, a round and comely countenance, and a remarkably pleasing and melodious voice. She had, as we have seen, many good points of character; but perhaps it was as much owing to the glories of her reign as to her personal virtues, that she has received in history the title of "the good Queen Anne."—T. A.
ANNE of Ferrara, daughter of Hercules I., duke of Ferrara, married in 1549 Francis, duke of Guise, and manifested great energy in the wars of the League. She was for some time a prisoner at Blois.
ANNE de Gonzague, wife of Edward, Count Palatine; died at Paris, 1684. Over her Bossuet pronounced an eulogium.
ANNE of Hungary, daughter of Ladislas VI. (or Uladislaus, son of Casimir, king of Poland, who had been elected king of Bohemia), by his wife, Anne of Gascony. She married Ferdinand, archduke of Austria, infant of Spain, and afterwards emperor; and through her the kingdom of Bohemia has ever since belonged to the Austrian family, illustrating the old maxim, that the house of Hapsburg has gained its chief power by politic marriages. She died in 1547.—T. J.
ANNE of Warwick, the first princess of Wales, and the last queen of the Plantagenets, was born at the ancestral castle of the Beauchamps, at Warwick, in 1454. To avoid the wrath of the high-spirited Margaret of Anjou against the great earl of Warwick, the countess, Anne's mother, withdrew to Calais, where Anne was brought up, though it seems that she was often brought to England with her elder sister Isabel. From the dawn of her beauty, she was the favourite of the duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III., who was born at Fotheringay two years before her, and was her early playfellow. Caring little for her ill-tempered cousin, Anne was married in August, 1470, at Angers in France, to Edward of Lancaster, son of Henry VI. and Margaret of Anjou. After the battle of Tewkesbury and the cruel murder of her husband, she disguised herself as a cook-maid in London; but the spies of Richard discovered her, and she was removed to a religious sanctuary in St. Martin's-le-Grand. Forced in 1473 to many her powerful and unscrupulous cousin, she displayed an abhorrence of him, which was not softened until after the birth of her son Edward, in 1474. Richard having gained the throne, Anne was crowned with him, July 5, 1483. In the following year, her only son died at Middleham, and, it would seem, by some fearful catastrophe. From that day she faded. Richard was suspected of wishing to divorce her, but her death, on the 16th of March, 1485, spared him the crime. It is affirmed by some that she died of poison. She suffered much during her eventful life of thirty-one years, but bore her trials with meekness, and it was not until her son expired that the heart of the hapless mother was broken. Her remains lie in the royal abbey of Westminster, near the tomb of Anne of Cleves; but no monument marks the burial-place of the daughter of Nevill the kingmaker.—T. J.
ANNEBAUT, Claude d', a Norman baron, who distinguished himself under Francis I. at the battle of Pavia, and rose to be marshal and admiral of France. Being commissioned in 1545 to attempt an invasion of England, he collected a large fleet, and ravaged the coasts of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, without, however, venturing to attack Portsmouth. In the following reign he was disgraced, and died in 1552.—J. W. S.
ANNESLEY, Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, and Lord Valentia in Ireland, was born in Dublin on the 10th of July, 1614. He was sent in the year 1645 by the parliament as a commissioner to Ulster, where he acquitted himself so well that he was again sent to Ireland with the commissioner to treat with the duke of Ormond for the delivery of Dublin to the parliament in 1647. On the restoration of the Rump parliament, Mr. Annesley took a very prominent part in endeavoring to procure the admission of the excluded members; and when, in 1660, this object was effected, and a new council of state appointed, he was made its president, and in that position he aided general Monk in bringing about the restoration of Charles II. Upon that event he was made a privy councillor, and the next year was created Baron Annesley and Earl of Anglesey, having previously succeeded to the Irish earldom of Valentia by his father's death. In 1665 the office of vice-treasurer of Ireland was conferred upon him, which he afterwards resigned for that of treasurer of the navy in 1667. In February, 1672, he was appointed one of the committee of the privy council, to inspect and report upon the papers respecting the settlement of Ireland, and in the following year he was appointed lord privy seal. Lord Anglesey was one of the few who disbelieved in the existence of the Popish Plot, and he had the boldness to express his sentiments openly in the House of Lords—a course which exposed him to the charge of being a Roman Catholic; and on information by Dangerfield of endeavouring to suppress evidence in relation to the plot, Lord Anglesey fell into disfavour with Charles II., and a complaint having been preferred against him by the duke of Ormond, the privy seal was taken from him. He then retired into privacy, and occupied himself in literature, composing a "History of the Wars in Ireland." Upon the accession of James II. he returned to court, and was received into favour by that monarch. It was even supposed by his friends, that had he lived a month
