of the works in this collection was drawn up by Dr. Pettigrew, the duke's librarian, and published under the title of "Bibliotheca Sussexiana." The first volume appeared, in two parts, in 1827, and the second in 1839. In 1827 the library consisted of 50,000 volumes, 12,000 of which were theological—G. M.
AUGUSTUS, William, prince of Prussia, brother of Frederick II., and general-in-chief of the Prussian army, was born at Berlin, 19th August, 1722, and died 12th June, 1758. He commenced his military career in the two first campaigns of Silesia, and distinguished himself at the battle of Hohenfriedberg, 4th June, 1745. After the disastrous retreat at Zittau in 1756, having been harshly reprimanded by his brother, he quitted the army, and died shortly afterwards. The correspondence which took place between the two brothers was published in 1769, under the title of "Anecdotes illustrative of the History of the House of Brandenburg, and of the last war."—G. M.
AUGUSTUS of Brunswick. See Brunswick.
AULAF or ANLAF, otherwise ONLAF (apparently identical with the Danish Olafr, Eng. Olave, Lat. Olaus), was the name of several Northumbrian princes of Danish extraction.
Aulaf, son of Sihtric, in the beginning of the 10th century, was compelled by Athelstane to take refuge in Ireland, where he had to maintain himself against the natives with the sword. Having married a daughter of the Scottish king Constantine, he subsequently made several unsuccessful attempts to recover his Northumbrian dominions, until the reign of Edred; when finally abandoning England, he plunged into a series of new struggles with the Irish chieftains, and after various vicissitudes, died in Iona, while on a pilgrimage to that island.
Aulaf, the son of Guthfirth, nephew of the preceding, shared in early life the conflicts and fluctuating fortunes of his uncle in Ireland. His name is connected with the plundering of Kildare in 929, of Armagh in 932, and of Kilcullen a few years later. He afterwards led his Danish followers against Edmund for the recovery of Northumbria, and wrung from the Saxon prince a treaty which gave him the whole English territory north east of Watling Street. He is said to have embraced Christianity, and to have died by the visitation of God after sacking a church.—W. B.
AULAGNIER, Alexis-François, physician to Joseph Buonaparte, king of Naples, was born at Grasse in 1767. He published several medical works, and died in 1839.
AULANIUS, Evandrus, a toreutic and plastic sculptor from Athens, working in Rome about thirty years b.c. He is quoted by Pliny as the restorer of a "Diana" in the temple of Apollo on the Palatin.
AULARD, Pierre, a native of Languedoc, and one of Napoleon's generals who fell at the battle of Waterloo.
AULBER, Johann Christoph, a German historical author, was born at Waiblingen in 1671, and died in 1743. He was for some time pastor primarius in Presburg, and in 1730 became abbot of Königsbrunn. He wrote—"Gedächtniss der vor 200 Jahren durch Luther ausgegangenen Reformation" (Memorials of the Reformation commenced by Luther 200 years ago).
AULBER, Matthaeus, a German theologian, born at Blaubeuren in 1495, who aided in spreading the Reformation. Reutlingen was the principal sphere of his labours, and it was owing to his influence that this town adhered to the Augsburg Confession. In 1535 Aulber was commissioned by the duke of Würtemberg, along with some other preachers, to protestantise his duchy. Having afterwards become cathedral preacher at Stuttgart, he in 1562 retired from this post, on the ground that he could not recognize the "real presence" in the Eucharist. He has left a treatise entitled—"Via compendiaria reconciliandi partes de Cœna Domini Controvertentes," to be found in the "Acta et Scripta Publica Ecclesiae Wurtembergicæ" (Tübingen 1720), along with letters addressed to Aulber by Zwingle and Luther on the subject referred to in the title just quoted.—A. M.
AULETTA, Pietro, an Italian musician, composer of several operas, lived in the early part of the 18th century.
AULICH, Louis, a Hungarian general who distinguished himself in the recent struggle of his country for independence. His services against Windischgrätz were acknowledged by Kossuth in the proclamation of Gödöllö; and he won additional honours in some of the most brilliant exploits of the war. He succeeded Görgey as secretary at war in July, 1849, surrendered with him to the Russians at Vilagos, and was executed at Arad in October of that year.
AULISEO, Domenico d', a learned Italian of the 17th century, was teacher of fortification in the military school at Pizzofalcone, and afterwards professor of civil law at Naples. His literary and scientific acquirements, and his numerous publications on a variety of subjects, procured for him the title of the Polyhistor of his age.
AULIZECK or AULICZECK, Dominik, a Bohemian artist, connected with the porcelain manufactory at Nymphenburg. He was afterwards appointed sculptor to the court, and died in 1803, with the rank of a privy councillor.
AULNAYE, Franc. Henr. Stanislaus de l', a native of Madrid, studied at Versailles, and rose to distinction in France as a writer on various subjects. His essay on the ancient pantomime carried off the prize of the French academy; and his "History of the Religions of the World" has appeared in more than one language. He died in 1830.
AULON, Jean d', a gentleman of Languedoc, who was equerry to Charles VII. of France, and afterwards steward of the household in the establishment which that monarch assigned to Joan d'Arc. He distinguished himself at the siege of Orleans, was wounded before Saint-Pierre-le-Moustier, and falling into the hands of the Burgundians, at the same time with the Maiden, shared her captivity at Beaulieu. After she was given up to the English, d'Aulon filled several offices of trust under Charles VII., and was latterly attached to the household of his son the Duc de Berri.—W. B.
AULUS, a celebrated engraver of gems at Rome, during the time of Augustus.
AULUS, Gellius, a Latin grammarian, born at Rome towards the beginning of the 2nd century. After studying there till he came of age, he repaired to Athens, where he enjoyed the instructions of Peregrinus Proteus, and the friendship of Herodes Atticus. On his return to Rome, he applied himself to the study of law, and acquired a reputation in that science, which led to his being frequently appointed arbiter in cases of dispute. His "Noctes Atticæ" (Attic Nights), so-called, because chiefly written in the leisure of his winter evenings at Athens, is a melange of notes on history, grammar, philosophy, &c., thrown together with little regard to method, and forming a journal or common-place-book of his reading. Its principal value consists in preserving fragments of more ancient writers.—W. B.
AUMALE (Lat. Alba Marla, whence the English form Albemarle)—the town of this name in Normandy gave their title to the counts and dukes of Aumale, of whom the following have been of some note:—
Aumale, Etienne, Comte d', son of the first count, was a supporter of William Rufus in Normandy, but conspiring against him, became a crusader, and died in the Holy Land.
Aumale, Guillaume, Comte d', son of the preceding, supported Stephen against Maud, and commanded a division of the English army at the battle of the Standard, a.d. 1138.
Aumale, Jean VIII., d'Arcourt, Comte d', also Comte de Mortmain, Seigneur D'Anvers, &c., was born in 1396, sent to court at an early age, and fought his first battle on the field of Agincourt. Afterwards employed in various important services by Charles VI. and the Dauphin, he rose to be lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and governor of Normandy. He took a prominent part in the wars with the English, and distinguished himself by the defeat of Pole, brother to the earl of Suffolk, near Vitry, a.d. 1423; but, in the following year, fell at the battle of Verneuil.
Aumale, Claude de Lorraine, Duc d', son of René II., duke of Lorraine, was grand-huntsman to Francis I. of France, and rendered important military services to that monarch, on account of which he was created duke of Guise. He was also governor of Champagne, and died in 1550.
Aumale, Claude II. de Lorraine, Duc d', third son of the preceding, inherited from him this dukedom and that of Lorraine; the dukedom of Guise going to his eldest brother. He supported the Royalists, took a leading share in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, and was killed at the siege of Rochelle.
Aumale, Charles de Lorraine, Duc d', son and successor of Claude II., was a keen supporter of the League. He defended Paris against Henry IV., and after the accession of that prince, sought employment at the court of Spain.
Aumale, Hen. Eug. Phil. Louis d'Orleans, Duc d', fourth son of King Louis Philippe, was born in 1822. Choosing the profession of arms, he served with some eclât in Africa
