BARNARD, Lady Anne, or LINDSAY, author of the celebrated Scottish ballad of "Auld Robin Gray," was born at Balcarres, Fifeshire, on the 8th December, 1750. She was the eldest child of James, earl of Balcarres, her mother being a daughter of Sir Robert Dalrymple of Castleton, Bart. She composed her famous ballad in her twenty-first year, scrupulously concealing the authorship, which she wished should be known only to the members of her own family. It soon attained wide popularity, and many conjectures were hazarded as to its origin. Amidst the strongest inducements to divulge the secret, she concealed it for upwards of half a century, when she revealed the authorship to Sir Walter Scott. In 1793 she married Andrew Barnard, Esq., secretary to Lord Macartney at the Cape of Good Hope, who died in 1807. During a course of years she resided in Edinburgh, and afterwards in London, cultivating the society of the most distinguished literary persons of both capitals. She was much esteemed in the learned circles, and was beloved for her benevolence. She composed family memoirs, and maintained a correspondence with some of her celebrated contemporaries. Her death took place at London, on the 6th of May, 1825. The best account of this gifted lady will be found in Lord Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays.—C. R.
BARNARD, Edward William, of Brantinghamthorp, Yorkshire; member of Trinity college, Cambridge; B. A., 1813, M.A., 1817; died at Dee Bank, Chester, January 10, 1828, in his 37th year. Author of "Fifty Select Poems of M. A. Flaminio imitated;" "Trifles," in imitation of the chaster style of Meleager, 1818; and "The Protestant Beadsman," 1822.—T. F.
BARNARD, John, minor canon of the cathedral church of St. Paul, London, published in the year 1641 one of the most valuable collections of church music which this country can boast. It is entitled "The First Book of Selected Church Musick, consisting of Services and Anthems, such as are now used in the Cathedral and Collegiate Churches of this kingdom, never before printed, whereby such books as were, heretofore, with much difficulty and charges transcribed for the use of the Quire, are now, to the saving of much labour and expense, published for the general good of all such as shall desire them, either for public or private exercise. Collected out of divers approved authors." The contents are services for morning and evening, the communion, preces and responses, by Tallis, Byrd, Bevyn, William Mundy, Parsons, Dr. Giles, Orlando Gibbons, Rogers, Morley, and Woodson; the litany by Tallis; and anthems, in four, five, and six parts, to a great number, by Tallis, Hooper, Farrant, Shepherd, W. Mundy, Gibbons, Batten, Tye, Morley, White, Giles, Parsons, Weelkes, Bull, and Ward. This work, unfortunately, was not printed in score, and the consequence of the parts being separated is, that no perfect copy is now known. The most complete is that belonging to the cathedral of Hereford; but in this the cantus, or treble part, is wanting.—E. F. R.
BARNARD, Sir John, an eminent merchant and alderman of London, was born of a Quaker family at Reading, in Berkshire, in 1685. His father was a wine merchant of some note in that town. He received only a scanty education, which his early introduction to business prevented him from supplementing to any great extent; but notwithstanding this disadvantage, he showed, on an important occasion, such aptitude for public life, that he was returned as member for the city of London in 1721. In 1728 he was chosen alderman, was knighted in 1732, officiated as sheriff in 1735, and in 1737 became lord mayor. He joined the English church in 1703. Died in 1764.—J. S., G.
BARNAVE, Antoine-Pierre-Joseph-Marie, was born at Grenoble in 1761. His father was an advocate, and he followed the same profession, in which he soon distinguished himself. In 1783 he published two political works of a liberal tendency, one distinctly in favour of the English system of government. He was elected to the states-general at their assembling in 1789, and became a vehement opponent of the royalists, and even fought a duel with Cazales, a strenuous royalist. When Mirabeau, seeing the danger of unregulated popular fury, grew more moderate, Barnave separated from him, and threw himself into the extreme sections of the revolutionists—a course he bitterly regretted, as afterwards he did his utmost to save the monarchy, and moderate the popular frenzy. When Louis XVI., having attempted flight, was arrested at Varennes, Barnave was one of the deputation appointed to bring him back. During this journey he made the friendship of the king, and from that period was his secret adviser. Finally, when Robespierre's power grew in the ascendant, he was thrown into prison with the rest of the Girondists, and, despite a most eloquent defence, was guillotined on the 29th November, 1793. On the scaffold he stamped his foot with passion, and looking upward cried, "This, then, is my reward." Gifted with much talent and great eloquence, Barnave in a settled constitutional government would have attained a high position; but he lacked unscrupulousness for so wild a time, and fell a victim to the belief that he could hound on the populace to a certain distance, and then arrest its course with logic and oratory.—J. S. S.
BARNER, Jacob, a German physician and chemist, born at Elbing in 1641, and died in the same town in 1686. After having studied at Leipzig, he prosecuted the study of chemistry at Padua, 1670. He subsequently became professor of medicine and philosophy at Leipzig. He returned afterwards to Elbing, where he died. He wrote "Dissertatio epistolica ad virum summi nominis Joelem Langelot," Vienna, 1667, in 8vo; "Exercitium chimicum delineatum," Padua.—E. L.
* BARNES, Albert, the popular American commentator, was born at Rome, in the state of New York, 1st December, 1798. In 1830 he became pastor of the first presbyterian church in Philadelphia, over which he still presides. His fame rests on a series of commentaries on the books of the New Testament, and on Isaiah and Job in the Old. He lays claim to no peculiar learning or critical acumen, but his "Notes" have been found useful to the private student of scripture, and have attained an extensive popularity and a wide circulation, not only in America, but in Great Britain as well. Dr. Barnes has also published sermons "On Revivals," "Practical Sermons for Vacant Congregations and Families," and a work on slavery. His theology has been the subject of much dispute in America, which has resulted in the formation of the sect known as the New School Presbyterians. It is said that he has written most of his books in the morning before nine o'clock, that his literary labours might not interfere with ordinary professional duty.—J. B.
BARNES, Barnaby, an English poet, born about the year 1569, son of Dr. Barnes, bishop of Durham. Wood says that he studied at Brazennose, but quitted Oxford without taking a degree. He appears afterwards to have followed the military profession. His first production seems to have been his "Parthenophil and Parthenope," &c., 1594. In the following year he published his "Divine Century of Spiritual Sonnets," and in 1607 a tragedy entitled "The Devil's Charter," which was played before king James at court. The date of his death is uncertain.—J. S., G.
BARNES, Joshua, a learned and versatile English author, was born in London in 1654, and died in 1712. He was educated at Christ's hospital, and at Emmanuel college, Oxford, of which he was elected a fellow in 1678. In 1676 he published a poetical paraphrase of the history of Esther; in 1688 a life of Edward III.; in 1705 an edition of Anacreon (this publication contains a list of forty-three of the editor's works), and in 1710 an edition of Homer. He also printed an edition of Euripides. Barnes was more remarkable for his acquirements than his talents. He boasts, in the preface to his "Esther," that he could compose Greek hexameters at the rate of sixty an hour.
BARNES, Dame Juliana, the author of the book commonly called "The Book of St. Albans," from its having been printed in that monastery in 1486. It is a treatise on hawking, hunting, and coat armour, and is now of extreme rarity. The author was prioress of the Benedictine monastery of Sopewell, near St. Albans, and is supposed to have been a daughter of Sir James Berners, of Berners-Noting in Essex, and sister to Richard, Lord Berners.—J. S., G.
BARNES, Dr. Robert, one of the earliest preachers and martyrs of the English Reformation, was born in the neighbourhood of Lynn in Norfolk, and at an early age was admitted into the order of the Augustinians at Cambridge. Perceiving the uncommon talents of the young novice, the convent sent him to study theology at Louvain, where he took the degree of doctor; and on his return to England, his talents and learning procured him promotion to the priorate of the monastery. Coverdale was one of the monks of his house, and was much influenced by the prior's early example of devotion to the cause of the Reformation. The church of the Augustinians at Cambridge was one of the first churches where Lutheranism obtained a hearing in England,
