at Marseilles in 1724; died in 1798. Among his works may be mentioned "Confessions of a Coxcomb," "Adventures of Victoire Ponty;" besides comedies, and historical tracts. His works have been severely criticised by Voltaire and others.
* BASTIDE, Jules, a living French republican of some note, was born at Paris on the 21st November, 1800. Distinguishing himself at the college Henri Quatre, and with a strong bias towards the profession of arms, he would, in the natural course of things, have entered the Ecole Polytechnique. But his mother, like the late General Cavaignac's, was a lady of stanch republican principles, and a parental veto prevented Bastide from entering the army of the Restoration. He then qualified himself for the bar; but having been compromised when a youth of nineteen, in an anti-Bourbon émeute, he deserted the profession of the law, and joined his friend Charles Thomas, with whom he was afterwards connected in literature and politics, as a timber merchant! In the affair of 1820 he had been wounded and imprisoned—calamities which but served to increase his republican ardour, despite, too, the pacific and purely commercial nature of his new pursuits. In 1821 he became a carbonaro; and up to the revolution of 1830 he was one of the most active members of the "advanced" party, which never ceased conspiring against the government of the Restoration. Bastide fought in the streets of Paris during the "three days," and helped to plant the tricolor on the Tuileries. Disgusted, like most of the ardent republicans of his party, at the restoration of royalty in the person of Louis Philippe, Bastide did not pause in his revolutionary career. He was elected successively captain and chef d'escadron of the artillery of the national guard; and in this capacity he acted boldly against the "throne of the barricades." He was concerned in the émeute of December, 1830. At the beginning of 1832 he was busily engaged in fomenting the disturbances planned at Lyons and Grenoble; and when an émeute broke out at the latter place, it is on record that, with singular audacity, Bastide and a solitary artilleryman took formal possession of its garrisoned citadel, and exercised for several days a usurped authority! Released, after trial for participation in this affair, he was one of the leaders in the formidable émeute which broke out in Paris the following June, on the occasion of the obsequies of General Lamarque, and which very nearly proved fatal to the government of July. Imprisoned in consequence, he escaped before trial, and sought an asylum in England, returning to France in 1834, under shelter of a pardon. He now, with his old friend Thomas, co-operated in the management of the democratic National; and after the death of Armand Carrel in a duel with M. Emile de Girardin (July, 1836), was appointed by the shareholders its editor-in-chief. Bastide's style, however, wanted the nerve of Carrel's, and he was led to invite the assistance of the fiery Armand Marrast (afterwards president of the National Assembly of 1848), whose violence raised the reputation of the journal, but by degrees estranged Bastide himself, growing more moderate with years and experience. In 1846, Bastide, accordingly, quitted the National, partly, it is said, indignant at the antireligious tone of his associates; and next year he founded, in the company of M. Buchez, the Revue Nationale, in which hostility to the existing régime was blended with a religious and humanitarian sentiment. When the revolution of Feb. 1848 arrived, Bastide's old services and consistent republicanism, as well as his unblemished character and literary reputation, recommended him for employment to the higher chiefs of the new republic. His contributions to political literature had been specially noted for the knowledge of foreign affairs which they displayed. First employed under Lamartine as secrétaire-général of the department, he was advanced by General Cavaignac to the ministry of foreign affairs—a post, under the peculiar circumstances of France at that time, requiring great tact and temper in its occupant. In this trying position M. Bastide comported himself in a manner which has drawn a high eulogium from the marquis of Normanby, our then ambassador at Paris. On the fall of General Cavaignac (20th Dec, 1848), Bastide, with the other members of the administration, was dismissed from office, and has since lived in retirement. By his more noisy colleagues in the assembly, Bastide was often reproached for his "talent of silence," one very useful, however, In his peculiar position, and which since his withdrawal from public affairs, he has continued to display.—(Meyer: Grosses Conversations-Lexicon; Louis Blanc: Histoire de dix ans; the Marquis of Normanby: A Year of Revolution, London, 1857, &c. &c.)—F. E.
BASTIDE, Marc-Antoine de la, a French diplomatist, born at Milhaud, in Rouergue, about 1624; died in 1704. He came when very young to Paris, where he was placed under the protection of the celebrated financier, Fouquet. In 1672 he went to England as secretary of the embassy, and resided in London about seven years. He was subsequently intrusted with other diplomatic missions to this country. He professed protestant principles, and wrote on the catholic controversy.—G. M.
BASTIEN, Jean François, a bookseller, born in Paris, 1747; died 1824. He published editions of the works of Montaigne, Charron, Rabelais, Scarron, d'Alembert, and wrote many useful works on agriculture.
BASTIOU, Yves, a French educational writer, chaplain at the Hotel-Dieu, and afterwards at the college of Louis le Grand, died at Paris in 1814. He wrote several grammars and manuals, and a work entitled "Association aux saints anges, proposée à tous les fideles zelés pour la Gloire de Dieu," 1780.
BASTOUL, Louis, a French general, born at Monthouteux, 19th August, 1753. He entered the army in 1773, as a soldier in the regiment of Vivarais. In 1791 he was raised to the rank of lieutenant; in 1792, to that of chief of battalion; and in 1793, he was made general of brigade. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Hohenlinden, 3d December, 1800. His name is inscribed on the bronze tablets at the palace of Versailles.
BASTU, Joseph, an Italian lawyer, died in 1819, author of "Institutiones Jurium Universitatum."
BASTWICK, John, M.D., celebrated in politico-ecclesiastical history, was born in Essex in 1593, studied at Cambridge, and afterwards at Padua, where he took his degree. On his return to England he published a work entitled "Flagitium Pontificis et Episcoporum Latialium," which led to his being cited before the high commission court, where he was fined in £1000, prohibited from practising his profession, and condemned to be imprisoned till he recanted. He lay in the Gate-house two years; and during that time wrote his "Apologeticus ad Præsules Anglicanos," which still more enraged the members of the high commission. Again brought before the court, he was fined in £5000, sentenced to the loss of his ears in the pillory, and thereafter to perpetual imprisonment in a remote part of the kingdom. He underwent his confinement first in Launceston castle, and afterwards in the Scilly islands, whence he was recalled by order of the Commons in 1640. The house voted his sentence unjust, remitted the fine, and ordered Bastwick to be paid £5000 out of the estates of his judges. He lived several years after this, and wrote with as much virulence against independency as he had formerly done against episcopacy.—J. S., G.
BATANA, Antonio, an Italian physician and botanist, as well as a divine, was a native of Rimini, and died in 1789. He was curé of his native town, and at the same time devoted much attention to botany. He published a work on Italian fungi, as well as letters on natural history.—J. H. B.
BATE, George, an English physician and historian, born at Maid's Morton, in the county of Buckingham, in 1608; took his degree at Oxford in 1637. He was in practice in that town during the sojourn of Charles I., in the course of which he was named physician to his majesty. After the king's departure, he removed to London, and was admitted a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1651, Cromwell having been taken ill in Scotland, the parliament sent Bate to attend him. He gained the favour of the protector, and was named his chief physician. Charles II. conferred on him the same dignity immediately after the Restoration, a circumstance which revived suspicions formerly current of his having poisoned the protector. He died in 1568. His "Elenchus motuum nuperorum in Anglia, simul ac juris regii et parliamentarii brevis narratio," was published in 1659; and his "Royal Apology, or Declaration of the Commons in Parliament," in 1647. An apothecary of the name of Shipton, who had prepared Bate's medicines for twenty years, published an alphabetical list of them, under the title of Pharmacopœia Bateana, 1688.—J. S., G.
BATE, John, an English divine of the beginning of the fifteenth century. He took the degree of D.D. at Oxford, and became president of the house of Carmelite friars at York. A list of his works, which range over a variety of subjects in grammar, logic, and divinity, is given by Bayle. Died in 1429.
BATELIER, Jacques le, a lawyer, lived in the latter part of the sixteenth century. He published commentaries on the practice of the Norman courts.
