the queen. He frequently afterwards appeared at court, and his writings were much esteemed and read by the queen. For many years before his death, Bates suffered from bodily infirmity, his life being, to use his own expression, "like the weak light of a lamp in the open air." He was spared, however, to see his seventy-fifth year; he died on the 14th of July, 1699. His funeral sermon was preached by John Howe, who has delineated with much fullness, and in the favourable light of personal friendship, the leading features of his character. To an elegant person and dignified mien, he added mental powers of no mean order—an acute and vigorous understanding, a sound judgment, a most capacious memory, and a pleasant though never frivolous wit. His knowledge of books was immense; and many who loved not his nonconformity, frequented his society for the sake of the boundless information which he could pour forth on whatever subject was started. As a preacher he was esteemed among the best of his age. With a voice of singular sweetness and power, with the grace and dignity of manner proper to one who, to use Howe's words, was "born to stand before kings," and with a flow of copious and correct language, he delivered, unimpeded by the use of notes, discourses which brought the busy inhabitants of London "in throng-assembly to hang upon his lips," and that even on week-days and at business hours. Many of these discourses still remain; and though the quiet perusal of them in the closet hardly prompts to so enthusiastic an estimate of them as seems to have been awakened in the minds of those who heard them delivered, it may nevertheless be justly said, that neither in respect of substance nor of style are they unworthy of being placed by the side of any of the specimens of pulpit oratory which remain of that age. Dr. Bates was also the author of several theological treatises. His works have been collected in one vol. folio, London, 1700. He also edited and partly wrote "Vitæ selectorum aliquot virorum qui doctrina, dignitate aut pietate inclaruere," 4to, London, 1681.—W. L. A.
BATESON, Thomas, one of the great English madrigalian writers of the Elizabethan period. The dates of his birth and decease are unknown; but we may infer that he was a young practitioner in the art when he produced his "First set of Madrigals" in 1604, wherein he compares his compositions to "young birds feared out of the nest before they be well feathered," and hopes they will be "so shrouded" in the leaves of his patron's good liking, so that neither any "ravenous kite nor craftie fowler, any open-mouthed Momus or mere sly detractor, may devour or harm them that cannot succour or shift for themselves." In 1599, five years prior to the date of his first publication, he was appointed "Organist of the Cathedral Church of Christ, in the citie of Chester," in which situation he appears to have continued until 1611. Shortly after this period he went to reside in Ireland, and in 1618 published his "Second set of Madrigals." On the title-page of this work he styles himself "Bachelor of Musick, Organist, and Master of the Children of the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Trinity, Dublin, in the realm of Ireland." In the university of the latter city he is supposed to have taken his degree.—E. F. R.
BATHE, William, a learned Irishman, was born in Dublin in the year 1552. He entered into the order of the jesuits, and, leaving Ireland, travelled extensively on the continent of Europe; and finally settled in Salamanca, being appointed professor of languages in the university of that city. He published there a philological work called "Janua Linguarum." Leaving Salamanca he came to London, where he published some religious treatises, and also an "Introduction to the Art of Music." He died in London in the year 1614.—J. F. W.
BATHEM, Gerard van, of Amsterdam, a painter of landscapes and battle-scenes, was remarkable for the excellence of his design and the general tone of his pictures, although not for his colouring. His drawings were especially sought for. Died in 1691.—R. M.
BÁTHORY, an eminent old Transylvanian family, many members of which are sufficiently important to be mentioned. Ladislas became known towards the middle of the fifteenth century for his translation of the Bible into Hungarian.—Stephen was "Woiwode" of Transylvania, one of the heroes of the time of King Matthias Corvinus; together with Paul Kinizsy, he defeated the Turks at the battle of Kenyérmezew in 1479. After the death of his king he repudiated the claims of his illegitimate son, John Corvinus, and supported King Wladislas Jagello.—Nearly a century later, when the house of Szapolyay became extinct, his descendant, Stephen Bathory, was elected prince of Transylvania in 1571, and had to fight the pretender, Caspar Békéssy, set up against him by the court of Vienna. The pretender was defeated, and beheaded in 1575; but Prince Stephen left Transylvania the following year, being elected king of Poland. He governed that kingdom for ten years with wisdom and firmness, having to contend with the Cossacks, and with the intrigues of Ivan the Terrible, czar of Muscovy. He died in 1586.—Christopher, Stephen's brother, succeeded him as elected prince in Transylvania in 1576, and died in 1581, after having introduced the jesuits into the country.—His son Sigismund, acting by the advice of the jesuits, renounced his allegiance to the Turks, waged war against them, and resigned the principality to the Austrians in 1598, against the will of the diet of Transylvania. The result was, that the emperor met with resistance in his endeavours to occupy the country, and several years were spent in anarchy and wars between Michel, prince of Wallachia, Cardinal Andrew Bathory, the vicegerent of Sigismund, the Turks, and the Imperialists. Sigismund, repenting his abdication, returned once more to Transylvania in 1601, was defeated by the allied Austrians and Moldavians, abdicated again, and died in Bohemia in 1613, living upon a pension of the emperor.—The last of the Báthorys was Prince Gabriel, elected 1608, a sensual tyrant, oppressing the country, which rose against him repeatedly but unsuccessfully, until he was forsaken by the sultan, and murdered by his personal enemies in 1613.—F. P., L.
BATHURST, Allen, Earl, an English statesman, born at Westminster in 1684. After completing his course of study at Trinity college, Oxford, he was in 1705, when just come of age, returned member for Cirencester. In 1711 he was transferred to the house of peers, being one of twelve commoners who were raised to the peerage, for the purpose of carrying a particular measure. He took an active part in the debates of the house, and was strongly opposed to Sir Robert Walpole and the whig ministry. In 1772 he was advanced to the dignity of earl. The friendship of Lord Bathurst was cultivated by Swift, Pope, Addison, Prior, and most of the men of genius of his time. Pope addressed to him his Epistle on the Use of Riches. Stowe says of him, "This nobleman is a prodigy, for at eighty-five he has all the wit and promptness of a man of thirty; a disposition to be pleased, and a power to please others, beyond what I ever knew; added to which, a man of learning, courtesy, and feeling." Lord Bathurst died 16th September, 1775, in his ninety-first year.—G. M.
BATHURST, Benjamin, an English diplomatist, born in London, 14th March, 1784. In 1807 he was sent to Vienna with despatches from the English government, and mysteriously disappeared near Hamburg. No trace of him was ever discovered; but some shreds of his garments, found on the banks of the Elbe, led to the supposition that he had been assassinated.—G. M.
BATHURST, Henry, son of Allen Bathurst, and second Earl and Baron Bathurst, lord chancellor of England, born 2nd May, 1714; died in 1794. He was created Lord Apsley in 1770. He was called to the bar in 1735, and in the same year was returned member of parliament for Cirencester, which borough he continued to represent until his elevation to the bench. In 1754 he was appointed a judge in the court of common pleas—an office which he held for seventeen years. In 1770 he was appointed lord high chancellor, and took his seat in the upper house under the title of Baron Apsley of Apsley, Sussex. In 1778 finding himself no longer able to sustain the labours of his high office, he resigned the great seal, and the following year he was appointed president of the council. At the dissolution of Lord North's administration, he finally retired from public life.—G. M.
BATHURST, Henry, third Earl Bathurst, eldest son of the preceding, born 22d May, 1762; died 26th July, 1834. On reaching majority, he entered parliament as member for Cirencester, and was shortly afterwards appointed one of the lords commissioners of the admiralty. In 1793 he was named a commissioner of the board of control, and was sworn a member of the privy council. In 1807 he was appointed president of the board of trade; and in 1809 secretary for foreign affairs. The last office he held only about two months. In 1812 he was appointed secretary for the colonies—an office which he exchanged in 1828 for that of president of the council. In 1817 he was
