by Napoleon. Jerome certainly quarreled with the emperor also, but he composed the quarrel, not quite without damage to his own honour. This prince was destined for the sea, and became noticed in the service; but his predilections were with the army, in which he subsequently distinguished himself, and rose to dignity and command. His courage was unquestionable; nor did the emperor hold lightly by his judgment—witness the important duties assigned him on the day of Waterloo. At the beginning of his career, after a fruitless cruise round by Martinique, he put into New York; and here, the serious complication of his private life began. Visiting Philadelphia, he was smitten by the charms and worth of Elizabeth Paterson, daughter of a rich merchant of Baltimore; and he married her in 1803. They had one son, who settled in America, and became a respected and rich citizen of the Republic. This plebeian connection roused the anger of Jerome's great relative, whose affections were being fast dissipated, and his equanimity yielding before the rude shocks of success and arbitrary power. Napoleon's conduct to the American lady betrayed meanness as well as tyranny: he refused her permission to touch the soil of France. Failing to procure a bull from the Pope sanctioning divorce or separation, he carried out his resolve with the usual high hand; and—submissive to his menace—Jerome married Frederika Caroline, princess of Wirtemberg. Two children of this marriage survive, Mathilde, princess of Demidoff so recently in charge of the honours of the Tuilleries, and Napoleon Joseph Charles, of whose character we have briefly spoken below.—Alone of his family, Jerome lived to witness the striking temporary reversal of the effects of its calamities. On the occurrence of the revolution of 1848, he hurried to Paris at the head of scions of his house, who had been living and well-nigh lost amid obscure haunts over the world; and he found himself received by France with open arms. In the first National Assembly he might read the names as representatives, of Pierre, second son of Lucien, of his own son Napoleon, of Napoleon Charles Lucien Murat, formerly a lawyer in New York, and lastly of Louis Napoleon himself He subsequently saw, the gift of the purple to his nephew Napoleon III., the most strange rehabilitation of many Napoleonic ideas, and the birth of the prince imperial. Jerome died on the 24th of June, 1860, at his seat of Villegenis, near Paris.
* (b.) BONAPARTE, Napoleon Joseph Charles, son of Jerome and the princess of Wirtemberg; born at Trieste in 1823. Until the recent recall of the Bonaparte family, this young prince passed his time at Vienna, Trieste, Florence, Rome, Brussels, and at diverse places in Switzerland and America. On his return to Paris in 1848, on the reversal of the decree of exile against the Bonaparte family, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly; and—notwithstanding the stirring and absorbing nature of subsequent events—it cannot be yet forgotten, with how profound an interest and amazement, the body of Deputies found seated in their midst, a young man—previously unknown to them—whose countenance was an exact reproduction of the features of the grand Napoleon.—The son of Jerome adopted a peculiar although not an inexplicable course in that Assembly. After some hesitation he was installed leader of the new Mountain; and, acting as such, he manifested both courage and ability. There has ever been a well-pronounced inclination towards socialism and mob-worship among the Napoleons. The question is, as to its origin, or whether that origin is simple. It might spring from sympathy with the sufferings and respect for the rights of the masses; it might spring from that peculiar mysticism which envelopes every exposition we have yet met with of Napoleonic ideas concerning government; or Despots—in possession or expectation—may know now, as they have done from Cæsar downwards, that despotism signifies the subjection of the educated and the honourable; and that the arm to effect this, is the arm of the mob.—It is said that Ledru-Rollin owed his escape to Napoleon Joseph; but withal the advanced guard of the Mountain did not trust him. They felt it safest to remain masters of their most important secrets, and to mature their designs apart.—Failing issue on the part of the present Emperor, Napoleon is heir to the crown; a position which at all times, and in all circumstances, has been an unpleasant and uneasy one. Louis Napoleon sought in vain for devices to induce his kinsman to absent himself from Paris. He induced him to join the expedition to the Crimea; but he returned early and unexpectedly, and seriously damaged the credit of that ill-planned and most fruitless expedition, by disclosures revealed in a pamphlet published with his concurrence. He was subsequently appointed minister of the colonies and viceroy of Algeria; a position in which, as the event proved, he was certain to claim an independence of action quite incompatible with the views of an autocratic sovereign. Napoleon was president of the council of the Parisian Art Exhibition. In January, 1859, he sued and obtained the hand of Clotilde, daughter of Victor Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He held the command of a division of the French army, which, in conjunction with the forces of Sardinia, attempted in that eventful year, the expulsion of the Austrians from Italy.—J. P. N.
BONARELLI DELLA ROVERE, Guido Ubaldo, born at Urbino in 1563, of a patrician family. He commenced his studies at an early age, in his native city, and was afterwards sent by his father to the university of Paris. Scarcely had he entered on his nineteenth year when his extraordinary talents drew on him the attention of the authorities of the Sorbonne, and having publicly sustained a theological thesis, he was elected professor of philosophy in that college. From thence he went to Milan, where he was befriended by the celebrated Cardinal Frederigo Borromeo. His father having died at Modena, he repaired thither, and met with the most flattering reception at the court of Alfonso, duke of Ferrara, who appointed him gentleman of the bedchamber, and for five years his negotiator and adviser on many important political questions. At the death of Alfonso, which happened in 1596, Bonarelli accepted the same office at the court of Cæsar d'Este, duke of Modena, by whom he was employed as ambassador on three different occasions—first, to Clement VIII.; second, to Queen Margaret of Austria; and thirdly, to Henry IV. of France. Having succeeded in all his negotiations to the full satisfaction of his sovereign, he retired to his native place, where his private affairs strongly required his presence. After a short stay at Urbino, he resumed his travels, and came to Rome, where every literary man of repute sought his acquaintance and courted his friendship. He was amongst the first founders of the Academy of Gl'Intrepidi at Ferrara, and took the name of Aggiunto. Whilst in this city he wrote his famous pastoral poem entitled "Filli di Sciro," which met with such universal approbation that it was translated many times into English, French, Spanish, and German; and although by far inferior to the Pastor Fido of Guarrini, and to Tasso's Aminta, yet it ranks immediately after them, and has been highly praised by Marini. His biographer, Guarrini, who was continually corresponding with our author, most earnestly urged him not to deprive the literary world of such a beautiful production. He left also many academical discourses, some sonnets, two madrigals, and an eclogue, which were published by Scajoli in his Parnasso di Poetici Ingegni. Having been invited to Rome by Cardinal d'Este, to assume the functions of major domo, he was attacked by a violent fever at Fano; and after sixty days of excruciating sufferings, he died at the age of 45, on the 8th of January, 1608.—A. C. M.
BONASONE, Giulio, a historical painter and engraver, born at Bologna in 1498. He studied under Sabbatini, Marc Antonio, Raphael's engraver, teaching him his art. His best work was one representing the souls in purgatory, painted for one of the many churches he decorated—St. Stefano at Bologna. Giulio engraved many of the works of Michel Angelo, Raffaelle, Giulio Romano, Parmegiano, and even some of his own works. Many loving Nativities, and weeping Passions, and pallid, dead Christs, and triumphant St. Georges, and operatic St. Cecilias, the careful eyes of this Bolognese rested on. Many galloping Clelias, robust Alexanders, and wounded Scipios, slowly grew under his biting and potent steel. His style is not so clear, firm, and masterly as Marc Antonio's, nor his outline so pure; but still his works have a facile elegance about them. He is especially masterly in the management of his masses. He worked his prints entirely with the graver. He executed portraits of Philip II., Cardinal Bembo, and Floris the Flemish painter.—W. T.
BONATI, Giovanni, a historical painter, born at Ferrara in 1635, and a pupil of Guercino and Mola; being patronized, when quite a boy, by the childless Cardinal Carlo Pio. He died in 1681, after having ornamented many churches and the gallery of the capitol. He flew at all game—Tasso or the Book of Judges; it was always all one to the eclectic, who treated the bible as a mere playground for fancy; so he painted Rinaldo and Armida, and Sisera and Jael.—W. T.
BONATO, Giuseppe Antonio, an Italian botanist, lived at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century. His works were published at Padua, and consisted of a
