treason; that of Lord Cardigan for murder, before the high court of Peers; and he has collected a few of his addresses into one volume. They are eminently characteristic of his peculiar powers.—As a member of the house of commons, as well as subsequently in his place as a peer, Lord Campbell was a zealous law reformer in the true direction; nor do we know any address containing sounder principles on this subject than the one he pronounced before the bar of Ireland previous to his leaving Dublin. Law reform seems the most difficult of all. Lord Campbell was thwarted too frequently by the formidable obstructions thrown in his way by the profession. As a judge his lordship had the highest repute. His acuteness was never at fault. The charge to the jury in the difficult case of the murderer Palmer, will be long remembered. That charge and the speech of the attorney-general. Sir Alexander Cockburn, are probably as fine pieces of clear reasoning as were ever pronounced in an English court of justice.—He also amused his leisure hours by occupying himself with literary pursuits. We owe to him seven volumes of "Lives of the Chancellors of England," and three volumes of "Lives of the Chief-Justices." All these memoirs are most pleasantly written. They present in an agreeable form, traditionary anecdotes, and the usually-received characters of the personages of whom he writes.—His lordship married a daughter of Mr. Scarlett, afterwards Lord Abinger.—J. P. N.
CAMPBELL, John, D.D., a leading nonconformist divine, who was long editor of the Christian Witness and British Standard, and minister of the Tabernacle in London. His early career somewhat resembled that of Elihu Burritt, both in his original position, and in the indomitable energy and perseverance with which he prosecuted his studies. But Dr. Campbell enjoyed the advantage of attending the university of St. Andrews—the senatus of which showed their estimate of his talents and acquirements by conferring upon him in 1841 the degree of D.D. Dr. Campbell rendered most important services to the cause of religion and social progress; and to his unwearied exertions the virtual abolition of the obnoxious bible monopoly in England is mainly to be attributed. He wrote "Maritime Discovery and Christian Missions;" "The Martyr of Erromanga, or the Philosophy of Missions, illustrated from the labours, life, and character of the late John Williams;" "Jethro," a prize essay on the diffusion of the gospel among our home population; "Theology for Bible Classes;" "Church Fellowship," &c. Dr. Campbell died in March, 1867.—J. T.
CAMPBELL, Sir Neil, a distinguished British officer, born about 1770. After serving in the West Indies and the Peninsula, he was in 1813 appointed to serve in connection with the Russian army, to which he was attached till its entry into Paris in March, 1814. In April of that year he was sent by the British government to accompany Napoleon from Fontainebleau to Elba, and charged to remain as long as the presence of a British officer should be deemed necessary. He was away from the island for eleven days, when Napoleon left it, 26th February, 1815. Toward the close of that year Sir Neil was appointed to prosecute Mungo Park's discoveries on the Niger. In the summer of 1826 he was sent to Sierra Leone, but fell a victim to the noxious climate in the following year.—J. B.
CAMPBELL, Samuel, Colonel, an American officer, was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, in 1738, and removed with his father in 1745 to Cherry Valley in New York, then a frontier settlement. Though very young, he was in military service in the "old French war," that of 1756; and in the revolutionary contest he commanded a body of militia, and had a share in most of the battles fought on his portion of the frontier. When General Herkimer advanced to relieve Fort-Schuyler, then besieged by the tories and Indians, Campbell was his subordinate, and took part in the terribly destructive battle of Oriskany. He was present also when the Indians and loyalists surprised Cherry Valley, and subjected it to nearly the same fate as Wyoming. His house was then burnt, his lands ravaged, and his wife and all his children, except his eldest son, carried off into captivity. They were finally brought to Montreal, where Mrs. Campbell was exchanged for the wife of Colonel John Butler, and the children also were redeemed. After the peace he was elected to the legislature, where he was a zealous member of the republican party. He died in 1824.—F. B.
CAMPBELL, Thomas, the youngest son of Alexander and Margaret Campbell, was born in Glasgow on the 27th of July, 1767. His father, a retired Virginia merchant, then in his sixty-eighth year, fondly predicted, it is said, that the "son of his old age" would grow up to be an honour to his country; and he had the happiness to see his prediction fulfilled. The child evinced a precocity of intellect from his very cradle, and when sent to the grammar school, attracted the special notice of his master, and took the lead in every class. These indications of genius were the delight of his home circle, where his father, careful to foster a literary taste, was still more so to imbue his infant mind with the practical lessons of early piety. When eleven years old—and the fact deserves mention from the influence it had upon his opening mind—the boy was sent to recruit his health in the country; and there the latent germ of poetry first began to assert its vitality. At the age of thirteen he entered the university, and gained several prizes, which lured him on to higher attainments. His curriculum, extending over six college sessions, was distinguished by a long series of literary competitions, in which he carried off the chief prizes in Latin, Greek, Logic, and Moral Philosophy. He excelled in translations from the Greek drama, and was so much commended for his English essays, chiefly poetical, that he was called the young "Pope of Glasgow "—a title which proved to be no great misnomer. During a college recess which he passed in the Isle of Mull, he translated the Chœphoræ of Æschylus, and there also—what appears to have given specific direction to his taste—he read the Pleasures of Memory, by Rogers. The perusal of that poem quickened all his literary aspirations. It was the magic key that unlocked the fountain of his genius: the sparkling waters gushed forth, and the first idea of "the Pleasures of Hope" took possession of his mind. Once suggested, the theme was soon reduced into shape; and, though often interrupted, it was never laid aside until he had given it to the public in its present form. Returning from the "lonely Hebrides," he supported himself at college by private tuition, living, so to speak, out of his inkstand. Though still a mere youth, he was a keen politician, a ready speaker at the debating club, looked upon with deference by his companions, and quoted in knotty points as a "competent authority." But all the honours he had gained—all the praise lavished upon him by his teachers, had only, as he complained, diverted his attention from other and more profitable studies. Poetry had expelled mathematics; a string of idle fancies had strangled the lessons of worldly prudence. He felt he had no social standing, no means of improving his circumstances, and no prospect of acquiring the independence for which he longed. With these melancholy reflections, he accepted the office of a domestic tutor, and retired with his pupil to the banks of Loch Fyne. The fair face of nature, and the first sight of the hills, soothed and tranquillized his spirit; and, calling in the muse to his aid, he was soon himself again, and deep in poetry. There he wrote "Love and Madness," "Caroline," numerous epistles to friends, and added another and another episode to "the Pleasures of Hope."
In November, 1788, at the age of twenty, he arrived in Edinburgh. His manuscript poem was read and approved by Dr. Anderson, then offered to the booksellers, and finally sold to "Mundell and Son" for sixty pounds in money and books. It was a fortunate speculation. No sooner was it published than the juvenile author was hailed as a new light on Parnassus. At one flight, it was said, he had taken his place with the first poets of the age, and the high estimate of his private friends was soon confirmed by the voice of public admiration. While the tide of popularity was at its height, the youthful poet embarked for Germany, landed at Altona, wrote his "Exile of Erin," and letters to the Morning Chronicle, and then proceeding forward to the seat of war, spent several months at Ratisbon. There he was a spectator of several grand military operations, and witnessed a hot conflict between Austrian and French hussars, which suggested "the Battle of Hohenlinden," "the Soldier's Dream," and other spirited lyrics.
In the spring of 1801, after being chased ashore by a French privateer, Campbell arrived in London, and at the table of Mr. Perry made the acquaintance of many literary magnates, who became his attached friends through life. Suddenly called home by the death of his father, he spent the remainder of the year with his widowed mother in Edinburgh, where he published "Lochiel's Warning, and other Poems." The following spring he returned to London in his new capacity of private secretary to Lord Minto, who introduced him to the leading men of the day.
