name of "Prancer." Hutchinson abandoned the gymnasium, and managed by his ability and learning to live down the jealousy and dislike of the fellows, holding the provostship, as well as his seat in parliament for the city of Cork, till his death in 1795. Hutchinson was a man of good parts, sound information, and by no means deficient in general learning. As an orator he held a high place, and was often the successful opponent of Flood. Ready, fluent, flexible, and adroit, he was, as described by Hamilton, one "who could go out in all weathers, and as a debater was therefore inestimable." He was a man of vast ambition and an inordinate appetite for places, and some amusing instances of this failing are on record. He was offered a peerage, which he declined for himself, but accepted for his wife, who was the first baroness of Donoughmore.—J. F. W.
HUTCHINSON, Lucy, wife of Colonel Hutchinson, and author of the celebrated "Memoirs" of his life, was born 29th January, 1620, and was the daughter of Sir Allen Apsley, lieutenant of the Tower. At the age of eighteen she was married to John Hutchinson, Esq., eldest son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, the representative of an old family settled at Owthorpe in Nottinghamshire. The first years of their married life were spent in retirement at his country seat, where the colonel took to the study of polemical divinity, which led him to adopt the religious opinions of the puritans. When the contest began between the king and the parliament, he set himself diligently to study the grounds of dispute, and became firmly convinced of the justice of the parliamentary cause; but at the same time cherished a strong anxiety for the preservation of peace. When the civil war broke out Mr. Hutchinson repaired to the camp of Essex, the parliamentary general, "but did not then find a clear call from the Lord to join with him." He was soon compelled, however, to abandon his neutral position in consequence of the attempts of the royalists to seize his person. The adherents of the parliament having resolved to defend the town and castle of Nottingham against the assaults of the royal party, they elected Mr. Hutchinson governor, and this appointment was subsequently confirmed by Fairfax and the parliament. Encouraged and assisted by his noble minded wife, he resolutely held out this important place during the remainder of the contest, and displayed great courage and activity in promoting the cause which he had adopted. After the final discomfiture of the royal party, Colonel Hutchinson was returned to parliament for the town which he had so successfully defended. He was nominated a member of the high court of justice for the trial of the king, "very much against his own will, but, looking upon himself as called hereunto, durst not refuse it;" and after long hesitation and prayer to God for direction, he deliberately signed the sentence which was pronounced against the unfortunate monarch. "Although," says his wife, "he did not then believe but it might one day come to be again disputed among men; yet both he and others thought they could not refuse it, without giving up the people of God whom they had led forth into the hands of God's and their enemies." During the protectorate the colonel lived in almost unbroken retirement at Owthorpe, where he occupied himself in superintending the education of his children, in the embellishment of his residence, and in making a very choice collection of paintings and sculptures. Upon the death of Cromwell he again took his seat in parliament for the town of Nottingham, but was powerless to arrest the base proceedings of Monk and his associates, of which he was an indignant spectator. At the Restoration he was with some difficulty comprehended in the act of amnesty. A fruitless attempt, however, was made to induce him to give evidence against the regicides who were brought to trial. He was permitted for about a year to remain unmolested at his country seat, but at last he was committed a prisoner to the Tower upon some alleged suspicion that he had been concerned in a treasonable conspiracy. Here he was treated with the most brutal harshness, though no formal charge was ever made against him, and no evidence was specified as the ground of his imprisonment. After the lapse of ten months he was removed to Sandown castle in Kent, where he was confined in a damp and unwholesome apartment, which brought on a sort of aguish fever, of which he died in little more than a month, in the forty-ninth year of his age. He was a noble specimen of an accomplished christian gentleman. His "Memoirs," written by his wife, were not published until 1806. They form one of the most interesting pieces of biography in the English language, and display great talent both in the delineation of characters, and in the narration of events. "We do not know," says Lord Jeffrey, "where to look for a more noble and engaging character, than that under which this lady presents herself to her readers, nor do we believe that any age of the world has produced so worthy a counterpart to the Valerias and Portias of antiquity."—J. T.
HUTCHINSON, Thomas, governor and historian of Massachusetts, was the son of Colonel Hutchinson, an eminent merchant of Boston, and was born there in 1711. He graduated at Harvard in 1727. His first occupation was commerce, but he was not successful. During several years subsequently, he studied the laws and constitution of England with a view to public life, and in 1737 he was elected one of the representatives of Boston in the colonial assembly. The following year he was sent by the town of Boston to London on important business. After being three years speaker of the house of representatives, he was made a member of council in 1749, and rose to be chief-justice and lieutenant-governor of the colony. He held the latter office when the American stamp act was passed, and became extremely unpopular by aiding in carrying it into operation—appointing a brother-in-law distributor of stamps. His house was twice attacked by the Bostonians, who sacked it on the second occasion, destroying many valuable historical papers. By the departure of Governor Barnard in 1769 he was left acting governor; and his unpopularity increasing he had resolved to resign, when in 1771 arrived his appointment as governor. His unpopularity reached its acme in 1773, when some of his letters to England which had fallen into the hands of Franklin were published, and displayed his anti-American sympathies. His removal was formally demanded by the council and assembly, and in 1774 he was superseded by General Gage. He went to England, where he received a pension and declined a baronetcy, dying at Brompton in the June of 1780. His chief work is a valuable contribution to the facts of American annals—the "History of the province of Massachusetts Bay, from 1628 to 1749," published in two volumes between 1764 and 1767. At the pressing request of Americans interested in the history of their country, his grandson, the Rev. John Hutchinson, a clergyman of the Church of England, published in London in 1828 from his MSS. a third and concluding volume, bringing down the narrative to 1774.—F. E.
HUTTEN, Jacob, founder of the sect called the Bohemian or Moravian Brethren, flourished in the sixteenth century. He was a Silesian, but bought property in Moravia and there founded his society. Luther, to whom the Moravians sent a deputation, examined their tenets and considered them worthy of toleration, though some of them he considered false. The principle of civil equality which Hutten attempted to introduce, brought him and his sect into collision with the authorities, and it is said that he was burned as a heretic; but this is uncertain. The sectaries, who bore his name, being banished from their own country, gradually connected themselves with the Swiss church, and the two bodies in their united capacity were denominated the church of the United Brethren. The sect of Moravians, founded in 1722 by Count Zinzendorf, professed to be descendants of the earlier brotherhood; but Mosheim considers it more probable that they only imitated their example.
HUTTEN, Ulrich von, the famous champion of religious liberty in Germany, was born of an old family at Stackelberg, April 22, 1488. His life was that of a wanderer, hasty, audacious, and dissatisfied; often wrong, often provoked, but always generous; frequently bearing persecution, but ever longing, labouring, and fighting on the side of liberty, and mental and national emancipation. His father placed him at the monastery of Fulda in 1499, but he fled from it in 1504 to more genial study at Erfurt. The plague drove him out of Erfurt to Cologne, where he dipped into scholasticism. His growing satirical zeal against the old faith made it necessary for him soon to leave Cologne, and he went to Frankfort-on-the-Oder, where a new university had been founded. Disease then set him off on many migrations, and we find him successively at Greifswald, where he was beaten and robbed; at Rostock, where he lectured on classic authors; at Wittenberg in 1510; and then in Bohemia and Moravia on to Vienna. In 1512 he repaired to Pavia and Bologna to study Roman jurisprudence, but soon abandoned the study. Poetry was his favourite field of literature, and his fame was extending on all sides. On his return to Germany in 1517, he wrote a series of satires on the duke
