family as the preceding; died at Rome in January, 1737. He was a great and munificent protector of letters, publishing at his own cost the works of learned men; he himself produced no book. His name is chiefly remembered through his having bequeathed to the public his library, one of the finest ever formed by a private man. He was created a cardinal by Pope Alexander VIII. on the 13th February, 1690, and afterwards legate to Ferrara and Milan. He would have been unanimously elected pope in 1730, but for the opposition of Spain.—W. M. R.
INA, King of Wessex, who flourished during the latter half of the seventh century, was the son of Cenred, a descendant of Cerdic, the founder of the Saxon monarchy. In 689 he succeeded Ceadwalla, though his father Cenred appears to have been still alive. His administration was wise and vigorous, and he waged successful wars with several of his neighbour potentates. In 692 he defeated the inhabitants of Kent, and compelled them to pay a large sum of money as compensation for the murder of Mollo, the brother of Ceadwalla, whom they had slain several years before his accession to the throne. In 710 he subdued Geraint, the king of the Cornish Britons, and it is said, compelled him to resign his dominions. A subsequent contest which he carried on with Ceolred, king of Mercia, was less successful, and the battle of Wodnesbeorhe, which terminated the war in 715, left it doubtful which side was victorious. The closing years of Ina's reign were disturbed by several rebellions, which were not suppressed without a lengthened struggle and no little bloodshed. In 728 Ina, on the persuasion it is said of his queen, Ethelburga, resigned his crown and retired with her to Rome, where they both died after the lapse of a few months. Ina was a liberal benefactor to the church, and he has been highly eulogized by the monkish writers. He appears, however, to have been both a wise legislator and a successful warrior. In the fifth year of his reign he published a collection of laws, by which, says Dr. Lingard, "he regulated the administration of justice, fixed the legal compensation for crimes, checked the prevalence of hereditary feuds, placed the conquered Britons under the protection of the state, and exposed and punished the frauds which might be committed in the transfer of merchandise and the cultivation of land."—J. T.
INCHBALD, Mrs. Elizabeth, the author of "A Simple Story," an actress, and a dramatic writer, was born at Stanningfield, near Bury St. Edmunds, in 1753. Her maiden name was Simpson. Her father, who was a respectable farmer, died while she was yet young. Notwithstanding an impediment in her speech, she had a strong desire to go on the stage, and in her sixteenth year ran away from home to London. Her first adventures there, as detailed in her memoirs, would furnish materials for no bad comedy. Dodd, her instructor in the art of acting, attracted by her beauty, made proposals, to which she replied by throwing a basin of hot water from the tea table in his face. In her indignation and grief she went to Mr. Inchbald, who had introduced her to Dodd. Inchbald recommended marriage as a protection from insult, offered himself as a husband, and was joyfully accepted. With him she lived happily enough, acting with him in various parts of England, until his death, which took place suddenly at Leeds in 1779. She remained on the stage ten years longer, when a difference with the manager of Covent Garden theatre made her withdraw in 1789. She had, indeed, discovered a new way of gaining the competency she so ardently coveted. A farce she had written entitled "A Mogul Tale, or the descent of the balloon," and which she had sent to Colman for inspection, fitted the humour of the day, and attracted the manager's attention not to itself only, but to a previous performance of Mrs. Inchbald's, which had lain unnoticed at Colman's house for three years. This comedy was brought out in 1785 under the title of "I'll Tell you What." By unrelaxing diligence in authorship and rigid economy, Mrs. Inchbald continued to maintain herself in independence, and to afford support to many of her relatives. A list of her dramatic pieces will be found in the Biographia Dramatica. Her celebrated novel, "A Simple Story," was first published in 1791, and by its truth and simple pathos permanently secured the fame of the author. In 1796 she published another story, entitled "Nature and Art," which Hazlitt has somewhat extravagantly pronounced to be "one of the most interesting and pathetic stories in the world." Mrs. Inchbald also edited a series of plays, entitled the British Theatre, with biographical and critical remarks, in 25 vols., 1806-9; Modern Theatre, 10 vols., 1809; and a Collection of Farces, &c., 7 vols., 1809. She had written her autobiography, for which she was offered £1000 by Sir R. Phillips, but by the advice of her confessor and spiritual director, Dr. Poynter, she destroyed the MS. She died in the Roman catholic boarding-house at Kensington in 1821. Mr. Boaden compiled her memoirs (1832) from her letters and a journal she had kept for fifty years.—R. H.
INCHIQUIN, Morrogh O'Brien, sixth baron of, a famous soldier who played a conspicuous part in the wars in Ireland in the seventeenth century, was born about the year 1618. He entered the Spanish service while yet in his minority, and took part in the Thirty Years' war in Italy. In 1639 he returned to Ireland, and attracting the notice of Strafford, he was appointed, in 1640, vice-president of Munster under Sir William St. Leger, whose daughter he had married. On the breaking out of the rebellion Inchiquin greatly distinguished himself by his bravery and military skill, so that on the death of his father-in-law the entire military command in the province of Munster was given to him; shortly after which he obtained a signal victory, with very inferior numbers, over Lord Mountgarret in the county of Cork. Notwithstanding these services Charles refused him the office of president of Munster; and Inchiquin, indignant at this ingratitude, and dissatisfied with the general policy of the royalists, joined Broghill and the parliamentary party, by whom he was appointed president of Munster. He became now equally active against the king's troops in Ireland. In 1645 he took the field with one thousand horse and fifteen hundred foot, and obtained possession of several strongholds; and though for a time but ill supported by the parliament he maintained his ground, and in the following year added to his victories, routing Lord Taaffe at Knocknoness. For this the parliament sent him a supply of £10,000, adding £1000 for himself, and a vote of thanks. Meantime Ormond had resigned the government of Ireland and was succeeded by Lord Lisle, who soon attempted to deprive Inchiquin of his authority. But the latter, by his firmness and bold demeanour, defeated the attempt, and actually made Lisle and his generals succumb to his authority. These and other causes were operating to alienate Inchiquin from the parliament. He opened a correspondence with Ormond, then in France; and on the landing of the latter at Cork in 1648, Inchiquin and his army received him publicly as the king's lieutenant. The parliament pronounced Inchiquin a traitor, while Charles appointed him to his old office, and the deputy was not slow in assailing his quondam friends, routing Coote, laying siege to Drogheda, which capitulated after a gallant resistance, and investing Dundalk, which surrendered. But Charles had been now executed, and Cromwell came over to Ireland as lord-lieutenant. His vigorous action soon changed the face of affairs. One by one all the strongholds were either subdued or gave in their adhesion to him, and Ormond and Inchiquin embarked for France on the 6th December, 1649. Lord Inchiquin was given the command of the Irish troops serving in Catalonia, with the rank of lieutenant-general in the French army; and on the conquest of Catalonia was appointed viceroy there. After serving in Spain, the Netherlands, and Portugal, he returned to France, where he lived in retirement till the Restoration, when his estates were restored to him with a compensation of £8000. He had been created an earl by Charles II. in 1654. Lord Inchiquin died on the 9th of September, 1674.—J. F. W.
INCHOFER, Melchior, an eminent jesuit, was born at Vienna in 1584, and having entered the order at Rome in 1607, was appointed, at the close of his novitiate, professor of philosophy, mathematics, and theology at Messina, where he laboured for many years. In 1636 he was removed by the order to Rome, in order to prosecute his studies with greater advantage; and there he published, in 1644, his "Annales Ecclesiastici regni Hungariæ." After acting for some years as a member of the Congregation of the Index, and of the Holy Office, he became weary of his residence in Rome, and was translated at his own request in 1646 to the college of Macerata, where he proposed to employ himself upon a history of the martyrs; but a fever, brought on by excessive labours in the Ambrosian library of Milan, put an end to his life in 1648. He was a man of great erudition, but withal credulous, superstitious, and extravagant. In 1629 he wrote learnedly to prove the authenticity of an epistle of the blessed Virgin ad Messanenses—a work which gave offence by its extravagance even to the Congregation of the Index, who ordered the first edition of it to be suppressed. In his "Historia Sacræ Latinitatis," 1635, he maintained that
