length in his baron's robes, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller." It was this picture of which Hazlitt has somewhere observed in reference to the surprisingly mild expression of the features, that the face reminded him of the sleek look of the tiger. "About 1666," adds Pennant, "he made clandestine addresses to the daughter of a wealthy merchant, in which he was assisted by a young lady, the daughter of a clergyman. The affair was discovered, and the confidante turned out of doors. Jeffreys, with a generosity unknown to him in his prosperous days, took pity and married her. She proved an excellent wife, and lived to see him lord chief-justice of England. On her death he married the widow of Mr. Jones of Montgomeryshire, and daughter to Sir Thomas Blodworth." The fall of Jeffreys was as sudden as his elevation had been rapid. Upon the flight of his royal master and the arrival of the prince of Orange, the chancellor seeing nothing before him but the certainty of an ignominious fate, made an effort to escape abroad, but was discovered in a cellar disguised as a sailor, and having been identified, was taken before the lords of the council, who committed him to the Tower. He died there, 18th April, 1689, partly of a broken heart, and partly of an internal disease from which he had been a sufferer for many years. He was first privately buried in the Tower; but on a warrant issued by the crown in 1692 his remains were delivered to his friends, and interred in a vault beneath the communion-table of St. Mary, Aldermanbury. Jeffreys was a man of brutal and pitiless nature, a sensualist, and a sot. In his drunken bouts he committed the maddest freaks. "At a dinner which a wealthy alderman gave to some of the leading members of the government," writes Macaulay, "the lord-treasurer and the lord-chancellor were so drunk that they stripped themselves almost stark naked, and were with difficulty prevented from climbing up a sign-post to drink his majesty's health." There may be some who will think his contempt for virtue and decency a more venial sin than his hardness of heart. He often came down to the court flushed with the potations of the night before, and conducted himself like a wild beast. But his manner was at all times insolent and overbearing. As a debater he possessed a certain stock of coarse raillery and obscene humour; but in the house he never shone. There alone he inspired no fear and no respect. Jeffreys left considerable property in Shropshire and Leicestershire, the bulk of which descended to an only son. The latter married the only daughter and heiress of Philip, earl of Pembroke, and by her had one daughter, who married Thomas, earl of Pomfret, the owner of the Pomfret marbles. The old house at Acton where the chancellor was born, was pulled down about seventy-five years ago, and the seat of the Cunliffes occupies the site. "Twenty years ago," a gentleman writes to Notes and Queries in 1853, "there were several persons living in the neighbourhood, who remembered that it (the old house) stood in the parish of Wrexham." The town residence of the chancellor was in Duke Street, Westminster, adjoining the court. In the west of England the recollection of the "black assize" is, curiously enough, still preserved; and the game which in Middlesex and other counties is known as "Tom Tiddler's Ground," is called in Devonshire "Judge Jeffreys' Ground," the said Judge Jeffreys being identified in the minds of the children with an ogre of sanguinary and ferocious disposition.—W. C. H.
JEFFREYS, George, a minor poet of the reign of Queen Anne and the Georges, was born in 1678 at Weldon in Northamptonshire. He was connected by birth with the noble family of Chandos, and passed the latter part of his life in the families of the two last dukes of that name. He was educated at Westminster under Dr. Busby; was admitted of Trinity college, Cambridge; took the degrees in arts, was elected fellow in 1701, and presided in the schools as moderator in 1706. He was also sub-orator for Dr. Ayloffe; but not going into orders within eight, years, he quitted his fellowship in 1709. He was called to the bar, but never practised. For some years he acted as secretary to Dr. Hartsonge, bishop of Derry. In 1754 he published by subscription a quarto volume of "Miscellanies" in verse and prose, among which are two tragedies "Edwin" and "Merope," and "The Triumph of Truth," an oratorio. His poetry is very artificial and spiritless. He wrote the anonymous verses which were prefixed to Addison's Cato—a fact, say the biographers, which was unknown to Addison, who probably regarded the authorship as a matter of perfect indifference. There are some odes by Jeffreys in Nichols' Collection.—R. H.
JEFFRIES, John, an American physician of some note, born at Boston in 1744; died there in 1819. Coming to England to study medicine, he entered the university of Cambridge, and then pursued his studies in London. Returning to his native country, he commenced practice as a physician in the town of Boston. There he practised with much reputation and great success till the evacuation of the city by the British garrison. He then accompanied General Howe to Halifax, and in 1776 was made surgeon-general to the forces. In 1780 he settled for a time in London; but in 1789 he returned to America, and recommenced his practice in Boston.—W. B—d.
JEHANGIR, that is, "Conqueror of the World," was the imperial designation assumed on his accession to the throne of Hindostan by Selim, the eldest son of the great Akbar. He was born about 1570, and seems to have been endowed with a fair share of intellect, but to have impaired his mind and disposition by the early use of wine and opium. On his accession to the throne of the Moguls in the October of 1605, he reversed the liberal policy pursued by his father in matters of religion, restored the mahometan confession of faith to his coins, and resuscitated most of the forms of that faith. One of the chief events of his reign was the marriage into which he forced a Persian beauty, Nur-Jehan (Light of the world), a remarkable woman, who became the virtual ruler of his vast empire. Her courage and energy restored him to liberty and power, after he had been conquered and taken prisoner by a rebellious subject. He died in October, 1627. It was during his reign that James I. of England sent an ambassador to Delhi in the person of Sir Thomas Rae, who has given an interesting account of the debauched Jehangir and his court. Jehangir wrote autobiographical memoirs of the first seventeen years of his reign, which have been translated into English by Major Price. They contain some curious information.—F. E.
JEKYLL, Sir Joseph, master of the rolls in the reign of George I., was the son of a clergyman of Northamptonshire, and born in 1664. An able lawyer, and for forty years member of the house of commons, he was one of the managers of Sacheverell's trial, and prominent in the impeachment of Harley, earl of Oxford. He was made master of the rolls, a privy councillor, and was knighted by George I. It was Sir Joseph Jekyll who brought into the house of commons in 1736 the celebrated "gin act," which was to suppress drunkenness by imposing a duty of twenty shillings per gallon on ardent spirits, and by making their vendors pay an annual license of £50. He published in 1728 "A Discourse of the Judicial Authority belonging to the Office of the Master of the Rolls," in defence of its dignity and authority. He died in 1738.—His brother, Thomas, who was educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, held several preferments in the English church, and published some sermons.—F. E.
JELAL. See Djelal.
JELLACHICH de Buzim, Joseph, Baron von, Ban of Croatia, general in the Austrian service, born 16th October, 1801. Educated at the military college of Vienna, at eighteen he was made lieutenant in the dragoon regiment of his uncle the vice-ban of Croatia. He spent several years in Italy, and was also employed on the military frontier. In 1842 he rose to the rank of colonel, and obtained the reputation of being a good officer. In 1848, when the Magyars sought to render themselves independent, Jellachich persuaded the Croats that the preservation of the Austrian empire was necessary to their interests. The Croats sent a deputation to Vienna with offers of service, and demanded that Jellachich should be made ban. The court was only too glad to concur, adding the title of privy councillor and commandant of the banat. In September, 1848, he encountered the Hungarians and was repulsed, but afterwards marched with eighteen thousand men to the aid of Prince Windischgrätz, who was besieging the insurged capital. In November he met the Hungarians at Swechat, and gained a victory which decided the fate of the capital. At the conclusion of the Hungarian struggle he received high testimonies of esteem from the imperial court. In 1853, when the Austrians were nearly embroiled with the Turks, he commanded a corps on the lower Danube. The ban in his youth was a cultivator of the muses, and his poems were republished in 1851.—P. E. D.
JENKIN or JENKYN, William, a distinguished puritan, was born at Sudbury in Suffolk, where his father was minister, in 1612: his mother was a granddaughter of John Rogers, the protomartyr of the Marian persecution. He was educated at Cambridge, under the eye of Anthony Burgess, where "his
