element—along with many useful references on points of doctrine to the writings of the best divines of the Church of England. He also makes great use of the ancient versions, which he regards as "invaluable guides." As a scientific, not a practical commentary, his work is a great advance upon its predecessors, and will no doubt lead on to still greater improvements in this fundamental department of divinity.—P. L.
ELLIGER, Ottomar, a painter of some repute, born at Göttenburg in 1633. He studied at Antwerp under Daniel Segers, and became celebrated as a painter of fruits and flowers. He died in 1686 at Berlin.—R. M.
ELLIGER, Ottomar, son of the preceding, born at Hamburg in 1666, was a pupil of Michael van Muscher, and afterwards of Gerard Lairesse. He followed closely the style of the latter master, painting chiefly historical pictures. He was remarkably careful of propriety in costume, and introduced architectural views into several of his pictures with great judgment and effect. His principal works are at Amsterdam. He died in 1732.—R. M.
ELLIOT, the name of a Border clan, renowned in the Scotch and English wars. It has produced a number of distinguished warriors and statesmen. The chief of the clan is Elliot of Stobbs in Roxburghshire, but the most distinguished branch is the Elliots, earls of Minto, the founder of which was—
Gilbert Elliot, grandson of the first baronet of Stobbs. He was bred to the bar, was made one of the lords of session in Scotland, was subsequently appointed lord justice-clerk, and created a baronet of Nova Scotia in 1700. He acted as counsel for the Rev. Mr. Veitch the covenanter, in 1679, and was in consequence himself denounced by the Scottish privy council. He contrived, however, to make his escape to Holland. He took part in the Argyll invasion, and was in his absence condemned and forfeited for treason; at the Revolution the act of forfeiture was rescinded, and he was appointed clerk to the privy council. His son also held the office of justice-clerk.—Sir Gilbert, the third baronet, filled several high official situations, and was possessed both of considerable political and poetical abilities. He was the author of the well-known song—"My sheep I neglected, I lost my sheep-hook."—His daughter, Jane Elliot, wrote the exquisitely beautiful and pathetic song entitled "The Flowers of the Forest," in imitation of an older version to the same tune. Miss Elliot is described by one who knew her well as "a remarkably agreeable old maiden lady, with a prodigious fund of Scottish anecdote." Her brother—
Sir Gilbert Elliot, fourth baronet and first earl of Minto, a distinguished statesman, was born in 1751. He was educated at Oxford; and having chosen the law, the hereditary profession of his family, was in due time called to the English bar. He subsequently made a tour of the continent, and while at Paris, frequented the society of madame du Deffand, who praises him highly in her correspondence. In 1774 Mr. Elliot entered parliament as member for Morpeth, and speedily showed that he was possessed of excellent talents both as a debater and a man of business. He at first supported the government in the contest with the American colonies; but, towards the close of the war, he attached himself to the party of Mr. Fox, supported the coalition ministry, and took a distinguished part in advocating the measures proposed by the whigs throughout that exciting period. He was held in such high estimation by his party that he was twice proposed as speaker, and on one occasion nearly carried his election against the government. At the breaking out of the French revolution, however, Sir Gilbert abandoned the policy advocated by Mr. Fox, and, along with Burke, Lord Fitzwilliam, and other "old whigs," gave his cordial support to the ministry. In 1793 he was sent to Toulon, along with Lord Hood and General O'Hara at the head of a naval and military force to assist the French royalists. In the following year he was appointed viceroy of Corsica, and discharged the duties of that office with such prudence and energy, that, on his return home in 1796, when the island was abandoned by the British, Sir Gilbert was raised to the peerage under the title of Baron Minto. In 1799 he was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the court of Vienna—an office which he held till the end of the year 1801. In 1806, on the accession to office of "all the talents," Lord Minto was appointed president of the board of control. But, a few months after, he was nominated governor-general of India, and embarked for that country in February, 1807. Lord Minto's administration was distinguished for its mingled prudence and firmness, and to him belongs the credit of the well-concerted and successful expeditions against the isles of France and Bourbon in 1810, and that of Java in 1811. For these services his lordship received the thanks of both houses of parliament, and in February, 1813, was promoted to an earldom. He returned home in the following year, and died 21st June. Another cadet of the Elliot clan was—
George Augustus Elliot, Baron Heathfield, a distinguished military officer, who was born in 1718, and was the son of Sir Gilbert Elliot of Stobbs in Roxburghshire. He studied first at the university of Leyden, and afterwards at the military school of La Fere in France, which was conducted by Vauban, the celebrated engineer, and was at that time the most celebrated institution of the kind in Europe. He afterwards made a military tour on the continent for the purpose of inspecting the most important fortified places, and served for some time in the Prussian army. In his seventeenth year he joined as a volunteer the twenty-third regiment of foot, or Welsh Fusiliers. He was then transferred to the engineer corps at Woolwich, and was subsequently named adjutant of the second troop of horse grenadiers, with which he served in Germany, and was wounded at the battle of Dettingen. On his return home, with a high reputation for courage and military skill, he was appointed to raise a regiment of light horse, which bore his name, and was brought by his exertions to such perfection in regard to discipline and equipments as to be regarded as a pattern regiment. He acted as brigadier-general in the expedition to the coast of France and in the campaign in Germany, and was second in command in the memorable expedition against the Havannah in 1762. In 1775 he replaced General A'Court in the command of the forces in Ireland; but he speedily quitted this post, and was appointed to the command of Gibraltar. In 1779 the combined land and sea forces of France and Spain commenced the famous siege of this fortress, and exhausted all the resources of military science in the fruitless attempt to regain possession of it, which was continued until the general pacification, February 2d, 1783. The eyes of all Europe were fixed upon the gallant conduct of the governor, and it was universally acknowledged that the military skill and courage which he displayed throughout this memorable siege, entitled him to a place in the foremost rank of British soldiers. General Elliot was singularly abstemious in his habits, never using either animal food or wine, and he seldom slept more than four hours at a time. His example, therefore, had a powerful influence in inducing his soldiers to submit to the strictest rules of discipline, and to endure cheerfully the hardships and privations to which they were subjected by the protracted siege. On his return home General Elliot received the thanks of both houses of parliament, and was made a knight of the bath. In 1787 he was elevated to the peerage, with the title of Lord Heathfield and Baron Gibraltar. He died 9th July, 1790, at Aix-la-Chapelle, on his way to Gibraltar, of which place he had once more been appointed governor. On the death of his only son without issue, in 1813, the title became extinct.—J. T.
ELLIOT, George, the Honourable, admiral in the royal navy, was born in 1784, and entered the navy in 1794, and took part in the action of August 1, 1798. He was afterwards present at Copenhagen, under Captain (afterwards Sir Thomas) Hardy, and served on the Mediterranean and East Indian stations. In 1808, whilst in command of the Modeste, he gained some distinction by recapturing La Jena, a French national corvette. He superintended the landing of the troops at the reduction of Java in August, 1811; and in 1813 took part in several successful attacks on the pirates on the coast of Borneo. His next appointment was the command of the guardship Victory at Portsmouth in 1827; and in 1837 (shortly after attaining flag-rank) he was nominated commander-in-chief at the Cape of Good Hope. In February, 1840, he was transferred to the chief command in the East Indies, and sailed for China, where, in the additional capacity of joint plenipotentiary with Captain (now Sir) Charles Elliot, he superintended the earlier operations of the war, but returned home invalided in the November following He filled the office of secretary to the admiralty in 1834-35; and held a seat at the admiralty as one of the naval lords on the reconstruction of the Melbourne cabinet in 1835. He was for several years a naval A.D.C. to King William IV., and also holds the post of general of the mint in Scotland. He was M.P. for the county of Roxburgh in the first reformed parliament. He died in June, 1863.—E. W.
