the people, he was obliged to resign on account of temporary blindness. Mr. Elmes has contributed largely to the literature of his art. The following are his most important works—"Life and Works of Sir C. Wren," 1823; "Sir C. Wren; his life and times;" "General Bibliographical Dictionary of the Fine Arts;" "Elmes' Quarterly Review;" "The Annals of the Fine Arts;" "Thomas Clarkson," a monograph, 1854.—J. S., G.
* ELMORE, Alfred, a distinguished English painter, born at Clonakilty, near Cork, June 18, 1815. His first exhibition goes as far back as 1834: it was remarkably successful. The "Martyrdom of A'Becket," exhibited in 1840, confirmed the expectations which had been formed of him from his first appearance as an exhibitor. In 1844 he proceeded to Italy, and the beneficial results of his tour are evident in his after works. Many of his pictures were bought by holders of prizes from the Art Union. The success of his "Origin of the dissension amongst Guelphs and Ghibelines" brought about his nomination, in 1845, as associate of the Royal Academy. The works which Elmore has been exhibiting ever since have constantly increased his fame, and rendered him a favourite with the visitors to the annual exhibition of the academy. Everybody recollects with pleasure his—"Fainting of Hero;" his "Much ado about nothing;" the "Invention of the Power Loom;" the "Death of Robert of Naples;" his "Wise and Good;" "Griselda," &c. In 1857 Mr. Elmore became R.A.—R. M.
ELMSLEY, Peter, born in 1773, and educated at Westminster school, entered Merton college, Oxford, and took the degree of M.A. in 1797. In 1798 he was presented to the chapelry of Little Hawksley in Essex. By the death of his uncle, Peter Elmsley the bookseller, he obtained a considerable fortune, and devoted himself entirely to literature. He resided for some time in Edinburgh, and was one of the earliest contributors to the Edinburgh Review. The articles on Wittenbach's Plutarch, Schweighauser's Athenæus, Bloomfield's Æschylus, Porson's Hecuba, and Heyne's Homer, are understood to have been written by him. On leaving Edinburgh he came to London, but retired in 1807 to St. Mary's Cray in Kent. In 1804 he superintended an edition of Herodotus, of which it was complained that, so great was his love of Atticisms, he introduced into the text the Attic forms of the tenses in spite of all the manuscripts. In 1816 he visited Italy, collated many manuscripts, and returning in 1817, took up his abode at Oxford. The winter of 1818 he spent in the Laurentian library at Florence. In the spring of 1819 he was appointed by the government to assist Sir Humphrey Davy in deciphering the papyri at Herculaneum. This attempt was unsuccessful, and while making it he caught a fever, from the effects of which he never recovered. On his return to Oxford he devoted himself to study, and was appointed principal of St. Alban's hall, and Camden professor in 1823. He died of a disease of the heart, on the 8th of March, 1825. He was one of the best ecclesiastical critics of his time. His brilliant paper on Markland's Euripides, in the seventh volume of the Quarterly Review, is well known to scholars. He published the Acharnians of Aristophanes in 1809; the Œdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles in 1811; the Heracleidæ, Bacchæ, and Medea of Euripides in 1815, 1818, and 1821; and the Œdipus Coloneus in 1823. His transcript of the Florentine Scholia of Sophocles was a posthumous work. He was the worthiest representative of the critical school of Porson. Too fond, perhaps, of generalization, he sometimes introduced unnecessary emendations, but his candour and fairness in acknowledging an error were not less conspicuous than his erudition.—T. J.
ELOI or ELIGIUS was born at Limoges in 588. His parents, Eucherius and Terrigia, were in good circumstances, and he was the friend of Dagobert, king of France, by whom he was sent on a mission into Brittany. For some time Eloi was engaged in commercial pursuits as a goldsmith and jeweller, and was possessed of wealth, a large part of which he devoted to ecclesiastical purposes. He afterwards became a priest, and was at length raised to the bishopric of Noyon. He died in 659. Several works are attributed to Eloi, the chief of which is a collection of sixteen homilies; but it is doubtful if he is the author. There are statements in them respecting transubstantiation and the perpetual virginity of Mary, which seem to mark them as the productions of a later age.—J. B. J.
ELORZA CHURRUCA, Cosmo Damian de, a Spanish navigator and man of science, was born in 1761 at Motrico in Guipuzcoa. His earliest adventure was with a scientific expedition to the Straits of Magellan, of which he published a diary. He was afterwards appointed to the observatory at Cadiz, and subsequently made another scientific voyage to the West Indies, the result of which was a valuable addition to geographical knowledge. In 1802 he was appointed to the Conquistador, a Spanish man-of-war, and was in command of the squadron which opposed the blockade of Cadiz. Subsequently he commanded the Principe de Asturias and the San Juan. In the latter ship, while fighting with distinguished gallantry, he received a wound of which he died in a few hours.—F. M. W.
ELOY, a musician, was born (probably in France) in the latter half of the fourteenth century. A mass of his composition is preserved in the papal chapel, and Kiesewetter has published a "Kyrie" and an "Agnus" by him, which are interesting specimens of the art in its primitive state.—G. A. M.
ELOY, Nicolas François Joseph, a Belgian physician, was born at Mons in 1714, and died in 1788. He studied medicine at Louvain and in Paris, and on his return to his native town was appointed principal physician. In 1754 he was named physician to the governor of the Low Countries. His principal work, "Dictionnaire Historique de la medecine ancienne et moderne," was translated into Italian.—J. S., G.
ELPHINSTONE, Arthur, sixth Lord Balmerino, was born in 1688. The first peer was the youngest son of Robert, third Baron Elphinstone, and held successively the offices of a lord of session in 1586; of one of the eight commissioners of the treasury, called Octavians, in 1595; and of secretary of state in 1598. His ill-fated descendant was an officer in Lord Shannon's regiment in the reign of Queen Anne; but on the accession of King George joined the earl of Mar, and fought at Sheriffmuir. He afterwards held a commission in the French army, but returned home in 1733. In 1745 he joined the standard of Prince Charles Stewart, who appointed him captain of his second troop of lifeguards. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Culloden, and committed to the Tower. On the 29th of July, 1746, he was brought to trial in Westminster hall, along with the earls of Kilmarnock and Cromarty. He was found guilty, and ordered for execution on Tower Hill on the 18th of August. Throughout his trial and on the scaffold the intrepid old peer behaved with the greatest composure and courage; and as he laid his head on the block he said firmly—"If I had a thousand lives I would lay them all down here in the same cause."—J. T.
ELPHINSTONE, James, a miscellaneous writer, was born at Edinburgh in 1721, and was the son of the Rev. William Elphinstone, an episcopal minister. He was first a private tutor in several distinguished families; but, about 1752, set up a boarding-school at Kensington, from which he retired in 1776 with a competency. While resident in Edinburgh he took charge of an edition of the Rambler, each number of which was published in Edinburgh as soon as it could be obtained from London. To this reprint Elphinstone supplied English translations of the classical writers, of which Dr. Johnson highly approved. Elphinstone afterwards published a poetical version of the younger Racine's poem of Religion, a grammar of the English language, in 2 vols.; a poem entitled "Education;" and a translation of Martial. He also projected a new plan of orthography, the principal feature of which was the spelling of words according to their sound. His translation of Martial was much ridiculed at the time on account of its absurdity, and is now forgotten. Dr. Johnson, who highly esteemed the author, said of this work, "There are in these verses too much folly for madness, and too much madness for folly;" and Garrick declared, "His translation was more difficult to understand than the original." Mr. Elphinstone died in 1809.—J. T.
ELPHINSTONE, John, a distinguished naval officer of the eighteenth century, was a descendant of the attainted family of Arthur Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino. He was born about the year 1730. In 1761, whilst captain of the Richmond (thirty-two guns) he captured and destroyed the French frigate La Felicite, of superior force, on the coast of Holland. In the following year, in the same ship, he piloted the British fleet through the old Straits of Bahama to the Savannah. He afterwards held a commission in the Russian service under Catherine II., and acted as admiral of the Russian fleet in the war between that country and Turkey in 1768-74, in which the Russian fleet appeared for the first time in the Mediterranean, and took the chief part in the destruction of the Turkish navy at Tchesme.
