wife to Paris, and kept them prisoners until they consented to give their daughter as a hostage. Philip having obstinately refused to set the young lady at liberty, Count Guy had recourse to arms. The result was most disastrous. Flanders was overrun and conquered in 1300 by Charles, count de Valois, brother of the French king; and Guy, having thrown himself on the generosity of the conqueror, proceeded to Paris to beg peace. Philip was inexorable, and in open violation of the safe-conduct granted by his brother, he threw Count Guy into prison, along with his two sons and forty gentlemen who accompanied him. The Flemings regained their independence by the sanguinary battle of Courtray in 1302. Before peace was definitively settled Count Guy died at Pontoise in 1305.—J. T.
DAMPMARTIN, Anne Henri, Vicomte de, born at Uzès in 1755; died at Paris in 1825. His father was governor of Uzès, and had his son educated for the church. The boy, however, fixed on the army as his profession, and we find him, while yet a young man, captain in the royal cavalry. He had some reputation for literary talents, and in 1789 we find him employed in drawing up memorials of grievances for the national assembly. He was member of the academy at Nismes. On the breaking out of the Revolution he joined the army of the French princes. On their defeat he fled to Holland, where he earned a poor subsistence by writing for the press. In 1795 he resided at Hamburg, and soon after at Berlin, where he conducted the Gazette Française and the Journal de Litterature. Soon after we find him tutor of the children of the king of Prussia and the countess of Lichtenau. When things became settled in France he returned to his country. In 1810 he was employed in the censorship of the press. In 1814, after the return of the Bourbons, he was made a vicomte. During the Hundred Days he withdrew from public occupation and notice. In 1816 he obtained the place of bibliothecaire conservateur du dépôt de la guerre. He was an unwearied and not altogether unsuccessful author. He translated Addison's Cato and Goldsmith's Essays.—J. A., D.
DANA, Francis, LL.D., chief-justice of Massachusetts, born in Charlestown, Mass., in 1742. He was an active whig during the revolutionary contest, and a member of the American congress from 1776 to 1778. He went to Europe in the diplomatic service—first to Paris as secretary of legation to John Adams, then to St. Petersburg as minister to Russia, where, though not publicly recognized, he remained till the close of the war. Returning to America, he was again sent to congress in 1784, and, five years after, earnestly advocated the adoption of the federal constitution. President Adams tendered him the office of envoy-extraordinary to France in 1797; but he was too stout a federalist to accept a post which looked at that time towards a conciliation of the Jacobins. He resigned the chief-justiceship in 1806, and died at Cambridge, April 25, 1811.—F. B.
* DANA, James Dwight, LL.D., an eminent American mineralogist and geologist, graduated at Yale college in 1833. He received an appointment as one of the scientific corps attached to the United States exploring expedition, under Captain Wilkes, in 1838, which he accompanied during the whole cruise of five years. Returning in 1842, he was occupied for several years in preparing for publication his "Reports" on the results of the expedition in the sciences of zoology and geology. These have been published in a superior style, but unfortunately in very limited editions, by the government of the United States. The papers by Dr. Dana, a "Report on Zoophytes," 1846, on "Geology," 1849, and on "Crustacea," in two large quartos, 1854, rank among the best results of the expedition, and have been very favourably received by the scientific world. Dr. Dana is the author, also, of a comprehensive "Treatise on Mineralogy," which has passed through four editions. In 1850 a professorship of natural history was established in Yale college, and he was appointed to the chair, which he still holds. For several years, also, he has been associated with Professor Silliman in the editorial conduct of the well-known American Journal of Science and Arts, commonly called Silliman's Journal.—F. B.
* DANA, Richard Henry, son of Francis Dana, an eminent poet, critic, and essayist, born at Cambridge, Mass., November 15, 1787. He studied law and was admitted to practice, but soon forsook the bar for the more congenial pursuits of literature. A taste pure even to fastidiousness, and a consciousness that his opinions and preferences did not harmonize very well with those which were prevalent in his early days, have prevented him from accomplishing as much as he was qualified for by his fine natural endowments. He was one of the first in America to doubt the supremacy of Pope in our poetical literature, and to point out the merits of Wordsworth. The influence of Wordsworth is clearly perceptible on his own poetry, which is meditative, philosophical, and dreamy, deeply imbued with a love of nature, but seldom enthusiastic or passionate. It is subdued in tone and chaste in style, and runs to sadness and pathos; many of the descriptive passages in it are finely wrought, and it always betrays nice observation and much subtlety in the portraiture of character. Mr. Dana's literary career began by contributions to the early numbers of the North American Review, and for a time he was associated with his relative. Professor Channing, in the editorial conduct of that work. In 1821 he began "The Idle Man," a collection of his essays and stories which appeared in numbers at intervals, but was soon suspended for want of patronage. Dana subsequently contributed to the New York Review, which was established in 1825 by his friend Bryant. In 1827 he published "The Buccaneer, and other poems," which immediately became popular, and on which his reputation chiefly depends. Two editions have since appeared of his collected works in prose and verse, and have been favourably received. He has also read in public, but has not published, a course of lectures on Shakspeare, his criticisms being of the same school with those of Schlegel and Coleridge. Mr. Dana is still living in retirement at Boston, and at his country place on the seashore at Cape Ann.—F. B.
* DANA, Richard Henry, jun., son of the preceding, a distinguished American lawyer and man of letters, was born at Cambridge in 1815, and graduated at Harvard college in 1837. While an undergraduate in college, the failure of his sight rendered a sea voyage advisable; and he boldly embarked in August, 1834, as a common sailor on board a brig bound round Cape Horn to California. He returned in September, 1836, with his sight restored, but having suffered hardships enough to cure him effectually of his love of the sea. Four years afterwards, he published a narrative of this adventure in the well-known work, "Two Years before the Mast," which, though it could with difficulty find a publisher, became one of the most popular books which have appeared since the time of Defoe. It has passed through numerous editions in England and America, and has been translated into many European languages. After having graduated at college, Mr. Dana was admitted to the bar, and has risen to the front rank of his profession. Yet his pen has not been idle; he has published "The Seaman's Manual;" has edited, with introductory notices, the Lectures on Art and Poems by Washington Allston, and the Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory of his relative, Professor Channing; and has contributed to the North American Review, and other periodicals. In politics, he has distinguished himself by vigorous opposition to the extension of slavery and the fugitive slave law. He was the chief counsel for the fugitive negro, Anthony Burns, in 1854. His last work is "To Cuba and Back."—F. B.
DANÆUS. See Daneau.
DANBY, Francis, one of the most distinguished contemporary artists of England, was born in the county of Wexford, Ireland, in 1790, and received his elementary education at the Royal Dublin Society. His first exhibition took place in that town as early as 1812. After a visit to London he established himself in Bristol, from whence he sent to the London exhibitions some of his most celebrated works—works which reveal extraordinary genius and rare originality. The characteristic of his painting is a combination of landscape and history of the most startling effect. As landscapes they rise to an importance of interest scarcely obtainable by the mere reproduction of the scenes of nature; as historical subjects they present, by the variety of space which they afford to the figures, such abundance of room as is not to be found in the largest canvas of full-sized historical paintings. Removed from home by unfortunate events, he settled for several years in Switzerland, whence he sent most beautiful drawings to England, where the friendly care of D. Colnighi and of G. Robson found for them a willing and advantageous market. This provided to the support of the self-exiled artist, who, after having visited different countries, and gathered from them an infinite number of interesting subjects, rendered by his ready pencil and still readier imagination with the most powerful effect, was in 1841 at last able to return to England, and to settle at Exmouth. Many are the works which since that time the prolific artist contributed to the English exhibitions, all
