minister in London, retaining for five years that important and dignified post, and winning the cordial esteem of general English society. It was as a D.C.L. of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, that Mr. Everett returned to the States to be elected president of Harvard college, a position which he resigned in 1849. On the death of Webster, Mr. Everett was appointed in 1852 secretary of state in the Fillmore administration, and in 1853 he entered the upper house of congress as senator for Massachusetts, retiring, from ill health, into private life not long afterwards. Few Americans have had a career of such uninterrupted prosperity, and of such distinction in authorship, scholarship, oratory, diplomacy, and politics. It is as an orator on historical, political, social, and literary topics, more than as a writer, however, that Mr. Everett's name is remembered in his own country; and the volumes of "Orations" which have been published under his own superintendence, display a singularly wide range of thought, sentiment, and knowledge, and remarkable powers of polished, yet impressive rhetoric. In his retirement Mr. Everett is said to have been engaged in the preparation of a systematic treatise on the modern law of nations. During the recent civil war the weight of his name and influence was thrown into the scale for the Union. His last public appearance was at a meeting held in Boston, shortly before his death, for the relief of the people in Savannah, who were suffering severe privations caused by the part they had taken in the struggle. He died in January, 1865.
* EVERSLEY, Charles Shaw Lefevre, Viscount, speaker of the house of commons for eighteen years. He was born in Bedford Square on the 22nd of February, 1794; eldest son of Charles Shaw, Esq., who sat in parliament, first as member for Newton, and subsequently for Reading. Mr. Shaw assumed the name of Lefevre on his marriage with Helena, only daughter of John Lefevre, Esq., of Heckfield, Hants, the representative of a Rouen family who settled in England after the revocation of the edict of Nantes. His eldest son, Mr. Charles Shaw Lefevre, was educated at Winchester, and graduated at Cambridge as A.B. in 1815, as M.A. in 1819, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's-inn in the latter year. On the 24th of June, 1817, he married Emma Laura, second daughter of the late Samuel Whitbread, Esq., M.P., by the Lady Elizabeth Grey. In 1830 Mr. Shaw Lefevre was returned for Downton, and in 1831 for North Hants, for which county he continued to sit until his resignation of the speakership in 1857. Entering parliament as a whig, he has always remained a supporter of that party. Although gifted with a fine presence, a musical and manly voice, a natural and courteous manner, a clear style, and a power of lucid arrangement, it does not appear that he very frequently spoke; for, during the nine years which preceded his election to the chair, his name is not recorded in Hansard much above twenty times. In 1836 Mr. Shaw Lefevre was appointed chairman of the committee on the state of agriculture, and in March, 1837, made an able speech on the corn laws, advocating a relaxation of the protective system, and a reduction of the malt tax. On the 15th of November, 1837, he proposed Mr. Abercromby for the speakership. In May, 1837, he was appointed chairman of a committee on the standing orders relating to private bills. Complete and admirable codification of these orders was the result of its labours. Mr. Abercromby having resigned his post in May, 1839, the house met on the 27th to elect a speaker. Mr. Shaw Lefevre and Mr. Goulburn were proposed as candidates, and the former was elected. He was subsequently sworn as a privy councillor, and was re-elected, without opposition, to the speakership in 1841, 1847, and 1852. To quote the authority of Lord Derby, "He had been elected by one side of the house, but by the scrupulous impartiality of his conduct, he had secured the hearty approbation of both sides." On the 9th of March, 1857, Mr. Speaker Lefevre announced, amidst the deep emotion of the house, his intended retirement after the close of the session. On the following day Lord Palmerston proposed a vote of thanks. Mr. Disraeli seconded the motion, bearing witness to the "blended firmness and courtesy" with which the speaker had regulated the labours of the house. Upon Mr. Speaker rising to return thanks, every member uncovered, showing a mark of respect never before awarded even to the "first commoner of England." In the Gazette of the 23d of March, it was announced that Mr. Shaw Lefevre had been raised to the peerage by the title of Viscount Eversley of Heckfield, in the county of Southampton. There can be no doubt that, as was said by Sir Harry Inglis, he "compressed into the period of his services, more labour, more attention, and more successful energy than any one of his predecessors." The decisions of Lord Eversley will always be thought leading cases upon the questions raised; but it is not only their correctness in point of parliamentary law that renders them remarkable—he had a tact and rapidity in deciding and distinguishing, seldom found even in minds accustomed to the exercise of the highest judicial functions. The general acquiescence with which his opinion was received on any question of order was perhaps partly owing to the simple dignity of his manner, the courteous candour of his language, and the "grave benignity" pervading his every word and gesture. As a thorough English country gentleman, he possessed more of that dignitas virilis, so applauded by Cicero, than any of his contemporaries in the house of commons, and quitted public life carrying with him a prize, rare among politicians, "the esteem of all parties." His lordship is governor and captain-general of the Isle of Wight, governor of Carisbrooke castle, a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, high steward of Winchester, lieutenant-colonel of the Hampshire yeomanry cavalry, and aid-de-camp to the queen for the yeomanry force.—R. B—ke.
EVLIYA or EVLIYA EFFENDI, a celebrated Turkish traveller, born at Constantinople in the year 1611; died at Adrianople about the year 1679. He was the son of Mohammed Dervish, chief of the goldsmiths at Constantinople, who in his youth had been standard-bearer to Sultan Solyiman at the siege of Sigeth in Hungary in 1564. His mother was a slave from the Abaza tribe on the Black Sea. The family was in possession of considerable wealth; and young Evliya was carefully educated, attending for seven years the college of Hamid-Effendi. He acquired remarkable proficiency in the most diverse studies, and particularly excelled in the study of languages. To mark the fact of his knowing the Koran by heart, he assumed the technical appellation of Hafiz. In his twenty-first year he had a dream—circumstantially related at the commencement of his travels—which made him resolve to adopt the life of a traveller. In the prosecution of this resolve, he was favoured by the assistance of his uncle, Melek Ahmed, who had risen from the condition of a slave to the dignity of grand vizier. Through the influence of this potent personage, Evliya was employed on a great number of military expeditions and diplomatic missions, in connection with which, as he himself informs us, he was an eye-witness of twenty-two battles, visited the countries of eighteen sovereigns, and had heard a hundred and forty-seven different languages or idioms. After visiting Mecca, he traversed the Morea, Syria, and Persia; in 1664 went to Vienna, as secretary of embassy, and subsequently, in a private capacity, travelled through Germany and the Netherlands, and made his way home through Denmark, Sweden, Poland, and the Crimea. At the end of forty-one years of travel he settled at Adrianople, and commenced the narrative of his journeys, which he brought down only as far as the year 1655. This work occupies four volumes in Turkish. Two volumes of the four—volume i., part. 1, in 1834, part 2 in 1836; volume ii. in 1850—have been published in English by the Oriental Translation Fund, from the pen of Von Hammer.—J. S., G.
EVODIUS, Bishop of Uzalis, was born about the middle of the fourth century, at Tagaste in Africa, and died about 430. He was a devoted friend of St. Augustine, and laboured with him for the support of the orthodox faith; fighting under his standard in the terrible struggles which at that time obtained between the orthodox and such powerful heretical sects as the Pelagians and Donatists. Evodius seems, however, to have been considerably tainted with the superstitions that were then showing themselves in the church, and the spirit of which it was not in his day easy to avoid.—R. M., A.
EVREMOND. See St. Evremond.
* EWALD, Georg Heinrich August von, a celebrated German orientalist, was born at Göttingen in 1803, and studied at the university of his native town. At the age of twenty he was appointed to a chair in the college of Wolfenbüttel, but after the lapse of a year returned to Göttingen, and in 1827 commenced his career as a professor in that university, occupying first the chair of philosophy, and afterwards that of oriental languages and exegetical theology. In consequence of his being one of the seven professors who protested against the violation of the constitution by Ernest Augustus in 1837, he was suspended from his functions at Göttingen. In the course of the year following this event he travelled extensively on the
