a century elapsed, however, ere he was enabled to carry his cherished scheme into execution. In 1631 he was intrusted with a ship for the purpose by King Charles I., who gave him a chart upon which the discoveries of his predecessors were marked, and a letter addressed to the emperor of Japan! Fox sailed from Deptford in May of that year, and returned to England on the last day of October. He had passed through Hudson Strait, and explored the coasts of the great inland sea of that name through nine degrees of latitude, reaching (upon the east side of the channel which bears his name, and in latitude 66° 40´) the headland marked as Cape Willoughby on our modern charts. The high tides which Fox experienced in the northerly portion of Hudson Bay convinced him of its connection with an ocean lying to the westward, a conclusion of which the correctness has been demonstrated by modern navigators. The complacent satisfaction with which he regarded his own achievements is evinced in the narrative of his voyage, published at London in 1635, under the title of "North-west Fox, or Fox from the North-west." This work contains valuable observations on the ice, tides, currents, and other phenomena of high latitudes.—W. H.
FOX, Richard, a distinguished statesman and ecclesiastic of the fifteenth century, was born at Ropesley, near Grantham, in Lincolnshire, towards the end of the reign of Henry VI., probably between 1450 and 1460. He was educated at the grammar-school of Boston, and at Magdalen college, Oxford, whence he removed for the further prosecution of his studies to Cambridge. From Cambridge he went in 1485 to Paris, to study divinity and canon law. Here he formed the friendship of Morton, bishop of Ely, who, having been driven into exile by Richard III., was now plotting for the transference of the crown to the earl of Richmond. Fox entered earnestly into the scheme, and having been introduced by Morton to Henry, whose discerning eye at once perceived his marked capacity for affairs, was employed in a negotiation which had for its object the obtaining of supplies of men and money from Charles VIII. for the proposed expedition. In this he was completely successful. After the defeat of Richard at Bosworth, Henry rewarded his services by the grant of a prebend at Grantham, and made him a privy councillor. In 1486 the king nominated him to the see of Exeter, and appointed him keeper of the privy seal. For the next thirty years Fox's career was one of high and honourable public utility. Old Fuller justly says that "he was born for the public and general good." He was sent on various occasions upon embassies to foreign powers, chiefly France and Scotland, and always acquitted himself of these commissions with a prudent and successful adroitness. He negotiated the marriage of James IV. with Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., and had the ordering of the ceremonial—distinguished for its magnificence among court pageants—of the nuptials of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Arragon. He was successively translated to the sees of Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester, being nominated to the last named see in 1500. He spent much money in beautifying the cathedral of Winchester, ranging the bodies of the Saxon kings and saints in decent tombs along both sides of the choir. These tombs were afterwards defaced and ransacked by the puritan soldiery in the civil war. After the accession of Henry VIII. Fox was still employed for several years on public missions; so that the current hear-say stories, which attribute his retirement from public life to jealousy of Wolsey, seem less probable than the supposition that the growing infirmities of age warned him "solvere senescentem equum." Wolsey was one of his chaplains, and owed to him his introduction to the favour of Henry VIII. In a letter, still extant, addressed to Wolsey when he was cardinal, the aged bishop warmly welcomes the scheme which Wolsey had announced of a general visitation of the clergy for purposes of reform. In 1516 he founded and endowed the college of Corpus Christi at Oxford. He also founded the free schools of Taunton and Grantham. He was blind for ten years before his death in 1528.—T. A.
FOX, Sir Stephen, born 27th March, 1627, at Farley, Wilts. At the age of fifteen he was employed under the earl of Northumberland, whose service he quitted some time before the execution of Charles I. for that of Lord Piercy, the firm friend of the young prince of Wales, afterwards Charles II. He attended that prince at Worcester, where he had the supervision of the ordnance board under Lord Piercy. He discharged for some time the office of "clerk of his majesty's kitchen." In 1658 he received from the king a grant of arms, and in 1679 he was made "first clerk of the green cloth," having been previously appointed first commissioner for discharging the office of master of the horse. In 1686 he became a commissioner for executing the office of lord high treasurer of England. He was again made "first clerk of the green cloth," and one of the lords commissioners of the treasury in 1689. He was again appointed, in 1694, to the commission for managing the royal revenue. He built a church at Farley, and augmented the vicarage with an allowance of £40, increased to £60 at his death. He erected some alms-houses there, and was the first who projected Chelsea college as a military asylum. He was twice married. By his first wife he was father of the first earl of Ilchester, and by his second of the first Lord Holland. He died 28th October, 1716, lay in state at Chiswick, and was buried at Farley.—W. A. B.
FOX, William Johnson, an eminent Unitarian minister, and M.P. for Oldham, son of Mr. Paul Fox, a farmer and yeoman of Wrentham, Suffolk. He was born in Suffolk in 1786, and was educated at Homerton, near London, for the ministry of the independent body. On arriving at manhood, however, he adopted Unitarian opinions, and entering heart and soul into the field of politics, contributed largely to liberal newspapers and reviews during the agitation for the repeal of the corn-laws, at the same time delivering secular and religious lectures, by which he obtained great popularity among the working classes. Amongst other papers to which he contributed was the League, in which he wrote some remarkable papers, signed "The Norwich Weaver Boy." He was also for many years a contributor to the Westminster Review, the Monthly Repository, and the Retrospective Review. In 1847 he entered parliament as M.P. for Oldham, which he represented upon radical reform principles till his death, 3rd June, 1864, with the exception of a few months in 1852 and 1857. He was the author of several volumes of essays, lectures, &c. His daughter has earned a high reputation by her skill and genius in sculpture.—E. W.
FOX. See Holland.
FOX-MORCILLO, Sebastian, born in Seville in 1528, a learned Spanish writer, chiefly remarkable for his precocious talent. He studied at the university of Lobayna, and at the age of twenty-one published a commentary on Cicero's Topica, and subsequently one on the Timæus of Plato. Philip II. appointed him to be tutor to Don Carlos, but he was unhappily drowned on his way to undertake the charge, at the age of thirty-two. A list of other works, with an account of his life, may be found in Arana de Varflora's Hijos de Sevilla. The most notable of his original works is entitled "De Studii philosophici ratione;" another is "Compendium ethices philosophiæ, ex Platone, Aristotele, aliisque philosophis collectum."—F. M. W.
FOY, Maximilien Sebastien, illustrious as a soldier, still more illustrious as an orator, was born at Ham on the 3rd of February, 1775. His father had formerly been in the army, and had fought at the battle of Fontenoy. Foy was carefully educated, with a view to that profession in which he was destined to play a part so brilliant. In 1791 he entered the army as lieutenant of artillery, and quickly distinguished himself by his intelligence, energy, and valour. He was wounded in his first battle, Jemappes, and at his last, Waterloo, and in many intermediate engagements was no less gloriously unfortunate. In 1796 and 1797 he served in the campaigns on the Rhine under Moreau, by gaining whose esteem and friendship he did not dispose Bonaparte more in his favour. A wound received at Diersheim, and from which he was six months in recovering, brought him promotion. Whatever might have been Bonaparte's private feelings, he, when about to depart for Egypt, would, on the recommendation of Desaix and Abbatucci, have made Foy his aid-de-camp; but the latter refused. We next find Foy with the army of Massena on the Danube; then, in 1800, with the army of Moreau. When peace came in 1801, Foy travelled through Italy. Involved in the affair of Moreau which was to end so disastrously for Moreau himself, no more seriously than in the retardment of his promotion did Foy suffer from Bonaparte's wrath. When war was renewed in 1803, Foy commanded the floating batteries which were intended to defend the west coast of France. In the war with Austria in 1805 he was at the head of the artillery in the second division of the army. He was sent in 1807 to defend Constantinople and the Dardanelles against the English fleet. This commission, in co-operation with
