HENLEY, John, "Orator Henley," as he was called, a singular quasi-clerical phenomenon of last century, was born in 1692, at Melton-Mowbray in Leicestershire, of which town his maternal grandfather had been, and his father was, vicar. He was sent to St. John's college, Cambridge, whence, while an undergraduate, he sent to the Spectator at least one communication which was inserted in that famous periodical. After taking his degree, he for some time taught the grammar-school and officiated as assistant-curate in his native town, writing the while his "Universal Grammar" and a poem on "Queen Esther." Migrating to London, he attracted the notice of Dr. Burscough, who made him assistant-preacher in the chapels of Ormond Street and Bloomsbury. He did not read his sermons; he introduced into the pulpit an elaborate system of gesticulation; and his popularity was great. Lord Macclesfield bestowed on him the small rectory of Chelmondiston in Suffolk, the duties of which he performed by deputy, remaining in town to sniff the incense of crowded audiences, and to make money by translating for the booksellers. Complaints against him and his preaching led his diocesan to order him to retire to his living in Suffolk. Henley disobeyed, and set up a chapel of his own, an "oratory," as he called it, in Newport Market, and had it licensed for public worship under the Toleration act. He compiled for his congregation what he called a "Primitive Liturgy," from which the Athanasian creed was expunged. On Wednesdays he had a lecture, followed by a discussion on points in theology, philosophy, &c. After some years he removed the oratory to Close Market, and his popularity having waned with the decay of his physical powers, he died on the 14th of October, 1756. His audiences seem to have included a large number of the freethinkers rife in the metropolis during the reigns of the first two Georges. The published specimens of his pulpit-oratory show little of the buffoonery or clap-trap for which he was reproached, and are rather argumentative than fantastic. His works display considerable literary industry and range of scholarship. Henley, with and without his "gilt-tub," emerges more than once as an object of satire in the Dunciad. Among Henley's many projects was one, since realized, for the establishment of a London university.—F. E.
HENNEQUIN, Antoine Louis Marie, was born at Monceaux, near Paris, in 1786. At the age of twenty his legal studies were interrupted by his being drawn in the conscription. At Wesel, his superior intelligence and education obtained for him the post of secretary to the general commanding there; and he distinguished himself by the courage and ability with which he supported the cause of some poor peasants, who, in self-defence against vile outrages, had killed several gendarmes. As soon as he was released from the army, Hennequin returned to Paris and resumed his studies. In 1813 he achieved his first brilliant successes as a barrister. He was afterwards employed on many important trials. In 1834 he was elected deputy for the department of the north; and his speeches in the chamber, characterized alike by cogency of argument and by grace of manner, were always heard with respect. His chief work is a treatise on legislation and jurisprudence. Exhausted by hard work, Hennequin died in 1840.—W. J. P.
HENNEQUIN, Pierre Antoine, a celebrated French historical painter, was born at Lyons in 1763. A pupil of David, he gained the grand prize of the French Academy, and went in consequence to Rome, but returned to Paris on hearing the news of the outbreak of the Revolution. Hennequin proposed to the municipality of his native city to paint a representation of the famous "Federation of the 14th of July, 1790, on the Champ de Mars," on an immense scale. His offer was accepted, but having got mixed up with an outbreak at Lyons, Hennequin was arrested, and was only saved from the guillotine by managing to escape from prison. He fled to Paris, but there became involved in what was known as the affair of Babœuf, was seized, and owed his life to the earnest intercession of F. Neufchateau. He now petitioned to be allowed to go on with his great picture; but the municipality had grown cool, and it was only on the issue of an order from the authorities at Paris that he obtained the requisite permission. In the following years Hennequin painted several large pictures in the popular David manner. On the restoration of the Bourbons Hennequin, like his master David, was driven into exile. He went at first to Liège, where he painted for the Dutch government a large picture illustrative of the devotion of three hundred citizens of Franchimont, who perished in defence of the city. In 1824 he removed to Tournay, where the following year he was made director of the school of design, an office he held till his death, which occurred in 1833.—J. T—e.
HENNING, John, Scottish sculptor, was born at Paisley, May 2, 1771. His father was a carpenter, and the son was not only brought up to the business, but served his father as journeyman till he was in his twenty-ninth year. From the autobiographical sketch which he wrote for the Art Journal, April, 1849, he does not seem to have directed his thoughts in any way towards art, beyond using the pencil for the patterns required in carpentry till 1799, when the sight of some wax medallions led him to attempt to model likenesses in wax. Though rude these efforts were admired, and Henning soon had applicants for portraits from all classes of his fellow-townsmen. Early in 1800 some of these wax models having fallen into the hands of Mr. James Monteith of Glasgow, that gentleman was so struck with the spirit and expression which they displayed, that he induced him to quit the bench, and devote himself to modelling as a profession. Soon after, Henning proceeded to Edinburgh, where he modelled the heads of many of the celebrities of the day, including Sir Walter Scott, Jeffrey, Brougham, Dugald Stewart, Jupiter Carlyle, Francis Horner, Mrs. Siddons, and Mrs. Grant of Laggan. In 1811 he removed to London, and made an effort, not attended with success, to obtain admission to the life-school of the Royal Academy. The Elgin Marbles were then newly brought to England, and he enthusiastically drew from them, and studied the principles which guided their execution. The idea of making reduced copies of the grand Panathenaic frieze, with the lost parts restored, was suggested to him by the Princess Charlotte. Henning had been introduced to the princess of Wales, when one day, on looking over his drawings, she asked him if he could reduce a particular group in ivory, and restore the mutilated parts. Henning undertook the commission, succeeded to the admiration of all who saw it, and soon had commissions for other groups. These early groups were all carved in ivory; but, wishing to restore the entire frieze, he resolved to form his models in intaglio, so as to reproduce any number of casts in relief. To this task he devoted all his energies during twelve years, and completed a very admirable work, though, it is said, in a pecuniary sense an unprofitable one. Later Mr. Henning produced small relievi of the Transfiguration and the cartoons of Raphael. He also executed the relievi on the exterior of the Athenæum club-house. Pall Mall, and on the gate at Hyde Park corner, besides several busts, medallions, &c. In his later works he was a good deal assisted by his sons. He died in 1851.—J. T—e.
HENRIETTA ANNE, daughter of Charles I. and of Henrietta Maria, was born at Exeter in 1644. Shortly after her birth, her mother had to fly before the parliamentary army, and to seek once more a refuge in France. Henrietta Anne, educated by her mother, lived in strict retirement until, at the age of seventeen, the Restoration called her back to England. Louis XIV., who had looked with no very favourable eye upon the young English princess whilst still an exile, now sought her hand for his brother, the duke of Orleans. The marriage, which took place in 1661, was far from being a happy one. Sent by Louis XIV. on a private mission to her brother, Charles II., she failed in achieving its political object. Suddenly, on the 29th of June, 1670, she was taken violently ill; next morning she expired.—W. J. P.
HENRIETTA MARIA, queen of Charles I. of England, was the third daughter of Henry IV. of France and Marie de Medicis, and was born in 1609. On the 1st of May, 1625, she was married by proxy to Charles, who had ascended the throne only on the 28th of March preceding. She landed at Dover on the 27th of June, and was at first received very cordially by the English people. But her self-willed, obstinate, and haughty temper, combined with her bigoted adherence to the Romish faith and the great number of priests who came in her train, soon rendered her exceedingly unpopular among all classes of the community, and even led to very unpleasant dissensions in the palace. After the death of Buckingham she had great influence over her husband, and friend and foe alike agree in the opinion that her pernicious counsels did unspeakable mischief to the royal cause. Before the civil war broke out she went over to Holland, and by great exertions procured a supply of arms and ammunition, with which she returned to England after a year's absence, in February, 1643. The parliament's vice-admiral, Batten, enraged at her having eluded his vigilance, bombarded the house
