tion and by original thought, was born in 1764 at Stolpen in Saxony, and died near Weissenfels in 1801.
HEYLIN, Peter, a busy theologian and miscellaneous writer of the seventeenth century, was born at Burt in Oxfordshire in 1600, and received his late education at Oxford. He read lectures in his college on geography, or, as it was then called, cosmography, and these formed the basis of his very popular "Microcosmus, or description of the world," published in 1621. Archbishop Laud appointed him one of the chaplains in ordinary to King Charles, and he became with tongue and pen a zealous and ardent expositor of Laudian principles, and unsparing denouncer of puritans and puritanism. He received various preferments; but the breaking out of the civil war reduced him to poverty, for he was voted a delinquent by the parliament. After a changeful life the Restoration came, and gave him back his spiritualities; but he did not receive the ecclesiastical promotion which he had expected. He died in 1662. Of his numerous works, his most important are his life of his patron, Archbishop Laud; and his "History of the Reformation in England." The latter was republished at Cambridge in 1819 for the Ecclesiastical History Society, and carefully edited by the Rev. J. C. Robertson. Heylin's unpublished "Memorial of Bishop Waynflete," in verse, founder of St. Mary Magdalen college, Oxford, was printed in 1851 by the Caston Society. Rival lives of the author were written by his son-in-law. Dr. Barnard, and by a Mr. Vernon. There is in the elder Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature an amusing account of the fierce controversy which arose out of their biographical competition.—F. E.
HEYNE, Christian Gottlob, an eminent German humanist, was born at Chemnitz, 25th September, 1729. His father, a poor weaver, being entirely unable to provide for his education, the boy was dependent on the scanty assistance of friends, especially on that of a godfather of his, a narrow-minded clergyman. Whilst a student at Leipsic he was almost reduced to beggary, and often wanted bread. Nevertheless he indefatigably toiled onward, greatly assisted by the instruction and acquaintance of Professors Ernesti and Christ, who showed him much kindness. In 1753 he was lucky enough to obtain a place as amanuensis in the library of the famous Count Brühl at Dresden, where he formed a friendship with Winckelmann. About this same time he made himself favourably known to the learned world by his editions of Tibullus and Epictetus. The Seven Years' war, however, deprived him of his situation, and obliged him to fly to Wittenberg and to become secretary and manager to a Lusatian nobleman. In 1764 he obtained, on the recommendation of Ruhnken, the chair of humanity at Göttingen, vacated by the death of Gesner. Here he gradually rose to the highest honours and authority; he excelled as a teacher, he arranged and augmented the library, was a zealous member of the Royal Society, and one of the most assiduous contributors to the Gelehrten Anzeigen. The study of the learned languages to him was but the key to a comprehensive knowledge of antiquity, and he was among the first to point out the importance of mythology. Among his editions those of Virgil (generally considered as his masterpiece), of Pindar, and of Apollodorus rank highest. His "Opuscula Academica," 6 vols., contain a great variety of most valuable information. Heyne lived to a green old age, and died full of honours in 1812.—(See Life by Heeren, his son-in-law.)—K. E.
HEYRICK, Elizabeth, authoress of several able and influential pamphlets on the abolition of slavery, was the daughter of Mr. Coltman of Leicester, and was born in 1769 She married a military officer, whom she survived many years. Some time after her marriage she joined the Society of Friends, and refused to appropriate to her own use the pension allowed her as an officer's widow, employing it in works of charity. She possessed an ardent temperament and overflowing benevolence. The poor and oppressed everywhere were the objects of her sympathies, which extended even to the brute creation. In 1809 she published several tracts against bull-baiting and cockfighting. The labour question, and that of distress in the manufacturing districts, furnished fruitful subjects for her pen, which was also engaged in discussing the "offensive and injurious effect of corporal punishment." But her clear perceptions of right and justice were most remarkably exhibited in her pamphlets on Negro emancipation. She was the first writer who asserted the great principle of immediate emancipation as the legitimate aim of the antislavery party, and her arguments in its support were as powerful as they were original. In 1824 Mrs. Heyrick published her pamphlet, entitled "Immediate, not Gradual Emancipation; or an inquiry into the shortest, safest, and most effectual means of getting rid of West Indian slavery." "Immediate emancipation" soon became the watchword of British abolitionists; and though ten years of unrelaxed efforts were still needed, the struggle resulted in the abolition of slavery in the British West Indies in August, 1834. Elizabeth Heyrick died at Leicester in 1831, at the age of sixty-two.—R. M.
HEYWOOD, John, known as "The Epigrammatist," one of the earliest of our English dramatists, was born at North Mimms, near St. Albans, probably very early in the reign of Henry VIII. After passing some time in the university of Oxford, he came up to London without completing his course. Here he cultivated music, became an established wit, and was introduced at court by his friend Sir Thomas More. One who could say the sprightliest things, sing the best song, and play inimitably on the virginals, was sure to make his way with the merry monarch, and he soon became a prime favourite. He held his place during the king's life, and was even more favoured by Mary, to whom his religion, being a Roman catholic, was an additional recommendation. It is said that she expressed a wish to hear him play when she was dying. "What the Faery Queen," says Wharton, "could not procure for Spenser from the penurious Elizabeth and her precise ministers, Heywood gained by puns and conceits." Upon the death of his patroness, Heywood felt that the court of a monarch of the reformed religion was not the place for one who was a staunch Romanist; and dreading religious persecution, he left England and went into the Netherlands, and finally settling in Mechlin he died there in 1565. While Heywood was attached to the court he wrote those six comedies which have the merit of being amongst the first innovations upon the mysteries and miracle plays of the time, and thus laying the foundation of the secular comedy in England. There is little in these intrinsically to recommend them, and we look in vain for those witty sallies that made Heywood so famous. His epigrams, six hundred in number, filling three quarto pamphlets, do not sustain the contemporary reputation in which we know he was held. He wrote a poetical dialogue, in which he has introduced, with much ingenuity, all the proverbs of the English language. The longest composition of Heywood is a poem, "The Spider and the Flie." Harrison pungently observed, that it is so profound, "that neither he himselfe that made it, neither anie one that readeth it, can reach unto the meaning thereof;" yet it is not more difficult to understand the allegory than that of the Panther and the Hind. The Roman catholics are represented by the flies, and the protestants by the spider, while Mary is typified by the maid with her broom.—Heywood left two sons, Ellis and Jasper. They were fellows of Oxford colleges, quitted England, became jesuits, and obtained literary distinction. The former settled in Florence, and died at Louvaine in 1572; the latter went to Rome, and died at Naples in 1597.—J. F. W.
HEYWOOD, Oliver, the son of Richard Heywood, was born at Little Lever, in the parish of Bolton, Lancashire, in 1629, and took the degree of B.A. in Trinity college, Cambridge. His parents were distinguished for piety and worth, and both he and his brother Nathaniel inherited the same spirit, and devoted their lives to the christian ministry. In 1650 he settled at the chapel of Coley, in the parish of Halifax, to the pastoral charge of which he was ordained, August 4, 1652. In this charge he zealously put in practice the instructions contained in Baxter's Reformed Pastor—a work which he greatly admired—and his ministry at Coley, and in all the surrounding country, was blessed to thousands of souls. Being no Cromwellian, but retaining "a quiet and peaceable attachment" to the exiled royal family, he declined to give further thanks to God at Coley for the defeat of the Scottish royalists at Preston, and the suppression of Sir George Booth's insurrection, for which he was apprehended by a party of Colonel Lilburn's troops, and was fined by military authority. After the Restoration he was a great sufferer for nonconformity. He was harassed with a prosecution in the consistorial court of York, and his suspension was published at Halifax, June 29, 1662, followed a few months after by a sentence of excommunication. He was obliged to keep himself for the most part in privacy; but he sometimes ventured to preach in the churches of Holmfirth and Penistone, at the request of the clergymen and churchwardens. Under the five-mile act he was compelled to leave his family, and retire into Lancashire
