in the English Bards, makes pointed reference to his farce, "Whistle for it," which had failed at Covent Garden. In 1821 he published a translation of Catullus. Died in 1834.—D. W. R.
LAMB, Sir James Bland Burges, Bart., D.C.L., was born at Gibraltar, June 8, 1752, and was the only son of George Burges, Esq., comptroller-general of the customs in North Britain. In 1777 he was called to the English bar, and in 1789 was appointed one of the under-secretaries of state for the foreign department. He was the author of many works, poetical, legal, and political. Died in 1824.—D. W. R.
LAMBALLE, Marie Therèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan, Princesse de, an innocent and illustrious victim of the first French revolution, was a daughter of the princely house of Carignan, and born at Turin on 8th September, 1748. Beautiful and amiable, she was in her youth one of the chief ornaments of the court of Turin. In January, 1767, she was married to the French prince de Lamballe, whom his father, the excellent duke de Penthièvre, thus hoped to wean from a life of vice. In the companionship of the roué duke de Chartres (afterwards duke of Orleans, Philippe Egalité) the prince relapsed, and a separation was imminent, when he died. At the French court the princess de Lamballe had fascinated everybody; and after the death of the Queen Maria Leczinka and of Madame De Pompadour, a marriage was projected between Louis XV. and the young and beautiful widow. On the marriage of Marie Antoinette to the dauphin (afterwards Louis XVI.) the princess de Lamballe became an intimate friend of the former, and Marie Antoinette, when queen, resuscitated in her favour, to keep her friend near her person, the post of "surintendant de la maison de la reine." On the breaking out, and through the course of the French revolution, the princess de Lamballe insisted, in spite of the remonstrances of the queen, on remaining with Marie Antoinette, and was her closest counselor and confidant, helping to plan the unsuccessful flight to Varennes. On the day of the famous 10th of August she accompanied the royal family to the box of the logographe in the national assembly. She then shared the queen's imprisonment in the Temple, until, on the 19th of August, they were separated by the revolutionary authorities, and the princess was thrust into the prison of La Force. There, on the morning of the 3rd of December, she was rudely hurried, half-clad, to be tried below on the usual charges of counter-revolution and participation in royalist plots. When her examination was finished, she was ordered by her judges to take the oath to liberty, equality, hatred of the king and queen, and of royalty. The last she refused to take. "Qu'on élargisse, Madame," was the closing exclamation of the presiding judge—a phrase of doubtful import. Conducted outside, she found herself walking over corpses in the midst of an infuriated mob, by whom she was massacred under and with circumstances of unutterable brutality. Her naked body was exposed for hours to the gaze of the populace; and her head, mounted on a pike, was paraded by a procession of savages through the streets of the capital, and exhibited even before the windows of the Temple where the king and queen were immured. The fate of the princess de Lamballe is one of the most tragical episodes of the bloody drama of the French revolution.—F. E.
LAMBARDE, William, was the eldest son of John Lambarde, alderman of London, and was born October 18, 1536. He was admitted into the Society of Lincoln's inn in 1556, and studied under Laurence Nowell (brother of the celebrated dean of St. Paul's), from whom he gained considerable knowledge of Saxon laws, customs, and antiquities. In 1568 he published a collection and translation of Saxon laws. Two years later we know that he was living at Westcombe Park, Greenwich, devoting much of his time to county and parochial business, but still pursuing his favourite studies. In 1570 he completed his best-known work, "A Perambulation of Kent," which, however, remained in manuscript until 1576. It is one of the most charming topographical works ever written. Remarkable for its accuracy of description, it is equally noticeable for the freshness and vivacity of its style. In 1574 he founded an hospital for the poor at East Greenwich, said to be the first ever established by a protestant. In 1578 he was admitted a bencher of Lincoln's inn; and next year, becoming a magistrate of the county, he composed a treatise on the duties of his office, entitled "Eirenarcha, or the office of the justices of the peace," which appeared in 1581. In the following twenty-eight years it was reprinted eleven times. His subsequent appointments were those of a master in chancery (1592), keeper of the rolls and house of the rolls in Chancery Lane (1597), and finally keeper of the records in the Tower (1600). Lambarde, who resided for some time at the pleasant little village of Hailing on the banks of the Medway, died at Greenwich on August 19, 1601. He had commenced a work on the topography of England, which he relinquished on hearing that Camden was engaged on a similar undertaking; but the materials which he had collected for it were published in 1730.—W. J. P.
LAMBECIUS or LAMBECK, Petrus, regarded by Bayle as one of the most learned men of his age, was born at Hamburg in 1628, and sent to Amsterdam by his uncle, Lucas Holstenius, to prosecute his studies. From Amsterdam he went to Paris, where, although a protestant, he was received into the house of Cardinal Barberini, and formed the acquaintance of some leading catholic scholars. While in Paris, in 1647, he published his work on A. Gellius. From Paris he removed to Rome, where he resided for two years with Holstenius, who was librarian of the Vatican. We next find him at Toulouse, where he spent eight months with the archbishop, Charles de Montchal, and received the degree of doctor of laws. After this he returned to Hamburg, where he was made professor of history in 1652, and in 1660 rector of the college. Misfortunes crowded upon him—his students were opposed to him because they suspected his orthodoxy, and regarded him as imbued with popish principles; and he was indiscreet enough to many an old woman who was rich but avaricious, and made him miserable. He therefore left his wife and went to Vienna, and it is said listened favourably to the proposals of the queen of Sweden to become a papist. Some time after he proceeded to Rome, where he abjured protestantism, and then went back to Vienna, where in 1662 he was appointed sub-librarian and historian to the emperor. Lambecius appears to have been a convert to popery long before he avowed it. At Vienna he was soon made chief conservator of the imperial library, and devoted the rest of his life to its proper classification. He died there in 1680. In 1655 he published "G. Codini et alterius anonymi excerpta de antiquitatibus Constantinopolitanis," in Greek and Latin. His "Origines Hamburgenses, ab anno 808 ad annum 1292" is commended for its learning and general accuracy, but is disfigured by occasional partiality. But his greatest undertaking is his "Commentariorum de Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi, libri viii.," in eight folio volumes. This immense work was left unfinished. Its first volume contains a history of the library at Vienna; the second, researches into the history of Vienna itself, and the remaining six give an account of the Greek manuscripts in the library. A supplement by Daniel Nesselius, in two volumes, was published in 1690. Besides these, he wrote a "Prodromus Historiæ Literariæ," and various other works, all characterized by learning and research.—B. H. C.
LAMBERT of Schawemberg, a celebrated benedictine of the convent of Hirsfeldt, became a monk in 1058, and was ordained a priest the same year. Soon after entering into orders, unknown to his superior, the Abbot Meginher, he made a journey to Jerusalem. He is the author of a "History of the World from the Creation to a.d. 1071," the MS. of which was discovered by Melancthon, and by him caused to be printed in 1525. It consists of an outline of general history down to 1050, and a history of Germany from that date to 1077. Much of the first part is copied from Bede; but the style is remarkable for its elegance and accuracy.—D. W. R.
LAMBERT, Aylmer Bourke, an English botanist and a great patron of science, was born at Bath on the 2d of February, 1761, and died at Kew on 10th January, 1842. He was the son of Edmund Lambert, Esq. of Boyton house, near Heytesbury, Wilts, who married a daughter of Viscount Mayo. He was educated at St. Mary's hall, Oxford, and early devoted his attention to botany. He was one of the founders of the Linnæan Society; and he became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1791. When he came to his paternal estates he formed a large herbarium, which was for many years under the charge of Mr. Don, who gave an account of it. This collection, as well as Mr. Lambert's extensive library, were made available to all men of science. There was an open reception of scientific men every Saturday at Mr. Lambert's house. He was anxious to encourage science, and his ample means enabled him to gratify his taste in this respect. For many years his health was feeble; and he finally retired to Kew, where his proximity to the royal gardens
