age of ten. While there the plague broke out, and Le Long, having exposed himself to danger of infection, was shut up in close confinement, which created a prejudice in his mind against the order and the place, and as soon as he could he returned to Paris, where he resumed his studies in 1676, and in 1686 joined the Oratorians. He was afterwards sent to Juilly to teach mathematics, but came back to Paris, and entered the seminary of Nôtre Dame dos Vertus at Aubervilliers, where he was appointed librarian. Here he prosecuted his studies with great success till he was elected librarian at the Oratoire at Paris, an office which he held for twenty-two years, and in which he laboured with unwearied diligence. One of the first things he did, was to prepare a threefold catalogue of all the books under his care. In the first he described the books according to their arrangement; in the second he classified them according to their subjects; and in the third he gave an alphabetical enumeration under the names of their authors. When the catalogue was completed, he undertook the execution of his most useful and celebrated work the "Bibliotheca Sacra, seu syllabus omnium ferme sacræ scripturæ editionum ac versionum," &c., which was first published in 1709, in 2 vols. 8vo. This was but the first portion of what he proposed to print; the second was to contain an account of all the authors who had written upon the scriptures; but he postponed the appearance of it in hope of receiving assistance from other countries. He had already, in 1707, published a supplement to Wolf's History of Hebrew Lexicons, and in 1713 he brought out in French his "Historical Discourse on the principal Polyglott editions of the Bible," a work of considerable interest. While this was in preparation, he conceived the plan of his celebrated "Bibliotheque Historique de la France," containing a catalogue of all works relating to the history of the kingdom, with historical and critical notes, which was printed in folio in 1719. In the meantime he edited, with considerable additions, Adrien Baillet's History of the Quarrels of Boniface VIII. and Philip the Fair. The Journal des Savants, which contained his first work, printed his last, a Letter to M. Martin, minister at Utrecht, who had published a work to prove the genuineness of 1 John v. 7. His "New Method of easily learning Hebrew and Chaldee, with a dictionary of roots," appeared in 1738. Le Long himself published two revisions of his "Bibliotheca Sacra," but the edition of Desmolets with a memoir, printed in 1723, is better. In 1778 A. G. Masch recast the work of Le Long, and incorporated many new materials, and this is the best form in which it appears. Le Long continued to labour either at making collections for new works or for improving his old ones, till his death in 1721. His "Bibliotheque Historique de la France" was extended to five folio volumes by Fevret de Fontette, and published at Paris, 1768-78. His learning, candour, and fidelity no one has ever questioned.—B. H. C.
LELY, Sir Peter, was born at Soest in Westphalia in 1618, and studied under Peter Grebber at Haarlem. His father was a Captain Vander Faes; but being born over a perfumer's shop, the sign of the Lily, he was called also Captain Du Lys or Lely, which name adhered to the son. The painter came to England in 1641, and imitated the works of Vandyck, whom he succeeded as Serjeant painter to the king. Lely was, however, far from equalling Vandyck in male portraits, though he got great credit for those of women; he was "in truth," says Walpole, "the ladies' painter; and whether the age improved in beauty or in flattery, Lely's women are certainly much handsomer than those of Vandyck." Lely painted both Charles I. and Cromwell, and it was to him that the latter before sitting to him remarked, "I desire you will use all your skill to paint my picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all; but mark all these roughnesses, pimples, warts, and everything as you see me, otherwise I never will pay a farthing for it." He painted chiefly ladies, and generally what are called three-quarter lengths. Among the most celebrated and best known are the so-called "Charles II. beauties," now at Hampton court, painted for the duchess of York—Lady Falmouth, Mrs. Middleton, Lady Denham, Lady Whitmore, Lady Rochester, Lady Sunderland, the duchess of Cleveland, the duchess of Richmond, the countess of Northumberland, and the Countess Grammont. He painted also portraits of eleven admirals for the duke of York, a few of which are likewise at Hampton court. His portraits are very numerous, and many of them have been engraved; he executed also a very few historical pictures from classic mythology and from scripture subjects; and also drew with the pen in crayons and in water-colours. Lely was knighted by Charles II. He married a beautiful Englishwoman, and had a son and a daughter who both died under age. He left a large fortune. He died of apoplexy, while painting the duchess of Somerset, 30th November, 1680, and was buried in St. Paul's, Covent Garden, where there is a bust of him by Grinling Gibbons. His will is dated 4th of February, 1679. The sale of his effects, which is said to have lasted forty days, produced £26,000; he left besides an estate in land worth £900 a year. The whole of this large property went eventually to a nephew, Conrad Weck, burgomaster of Groll.—(Walpole, Anecdotes, &c.)—R. N. W.
LEMAIRE, Jakob, a Dutch navigator, was the son of a rich merchant of Amsterdam. In company with an experienced sailor named Schouten, Lemaire set out on a voyage to the East Indies in 1615, by a route that they thought would evade the monopoly which the states of Holland had given to the Dutch East India Company. They accomplished the voyage successfully, and discovered the strait at the south-eastern extremity of the continent of America, which bears Lemaire's name. On their arrival at Batavia in November, 1616, their ships were seized by the governor, and they were sent back to Holland to be tried for their alleged breach of the East India Company's charter. Lemaire died on the voyage home of chagrin and disappointment.—J. T.
LE MAIRE, Jean, a French poet and historian, born at Bavai, 1473; died, 1548. He was nephew of the famous Molinet. In 1498 he entered the service of Duke Pierre de Bourbon, and afterwards that of Margaret of Austria, whom he celebrated in the "Regrets" and the "Amant Vert." He afterwards wrote legends, and was made historian to the court of France. His principal work is "Illustrations de Gaule Belgique."—P. E. D.
LEMAIRE, Nicolas-Eloi, a well-known French scholar, born in 1767. He studied at the college of Sainte-Barbe, and was professor of rhetoric at the college of Cardinal Lemoine. During the republic he took part in civil affairs, after which he travelled in Italy, but returned to France, and in 1811 became professor of Latin poetry in Paris. He projected the Bibliotheca Classica Latina, the publication of which he superintended, and which includes the works of thirty-four Latin authors, in 154 vols. 8vo. This great work, although not eminent for original and profound criticism, difficult to use, and incomplete, is still of much value. Lemaire's original works are minor Latin poems, and a dedication to Louis XVIII. He died in 1832.—B. H. C.
LEMAISTRE, Antoine, was born at Paris in 1608. A few years after his birth his father became a protestant, and in consequence Antoine was sent to be educated by his grandfather, the famous Antoine Arnauld. He studied for the law, and was regarded as one of the most eloquent pleaders of his time. He wrote several works, including a translation of Chrysostom on the Priesthood, and of some works of St. Bernard, with the life of the last named. About 1637 he withdrew from public life to Port Royal, where he died in 1658, and for his connection with which he is chiefly remembered.—B. H. C.
LEMAISTRE, Isaac Louis, commonly known as De Saci, was the brother of Antoine, and born in 1613. He studied at Beauvais, where he showed some talent for literary composition. He was afterwards sent to Port Royal, where he acquired some strong sympathies with Jansenism. After taking orders he became more deeply involved in the jansenistic controversy, which in 1661 developed into downright persecution, and De Saci was compelled to take to flight. In 1666 he was apprehended and confined in the Bastile, where he continued for two years, during which time he laboured assiduously on his version of the Old Testament. The New Testament which bears his name was only his work in part. De Saci wrote and translated divers other works, but his Bible is the most celebrated; although it is destitute of all critical merit, this famous version is almost the only one now circulated among French-speaking catholics. De Saci died in 1684.—B. H. C.
LEMANN, Charles Morgan, an English botanist, was born in London in 1806, and died at Bath on the 26th August, 1852, of chronic disease at the base of the brain. He received his early education at Langley Broom. In 1819 he was sent to Yverdun in Switzerland, thence he went to Spain, and finally entered Trinity college, Cambridge, taking the degree of M.B. in 1828, and that of M.D. in 1833. He pursued his medical studies in London, Paris, and Edinburgh. He did not enjoy good health, and was unable to pursue the practice of his pro-
