When the duke of Monmouth was taken to the scaffold, Ken was one who attended upon him, and urged him to repentance and confession. During the reign of James, Ken seems to have been principally taken up with his episcopal duties, and although a very high churchman and much opposed to the dissenters, was held in great honour for his diligence as a preacher, his unbounded benevolence, and his spotless life. In April, 1687, James issued his famous declaration for liberty of conscience, which was renewed in April, 1688. Sancroft and six bishops, of whom Ken was one, drew up a petition to the king to be relieved from publishing this document, and were in consequence committed to the Tower, but subsequently acquitted. Yet in March, 1689, Ken joined those who refused to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, and was in consequence deprived of his see, which was afterwards filled by Bishop Kidder. On hearing of the new appointment. Ken first in the cathedral at Wells, and then in the market-place, asserted his canonical right. He afterwards retired to Longleat in Wiltshire, a seat of Lord Weymouth's, where he continued to reside until his death in March, 1711. In his retirement Ken received a pension from Queen Mary, and on the accession of Anne it was proposed to restore him to his dignity. She readily consented, but he steadily declined the offer, and at the same time did his best to induce Dr. Hooper to accept the vacant see. From that time he waived all his claims as a bishop, much to the disappointment of the jacobites. Ken was the last of the nonjuring bishops. For some years he travelled with his shroud in his portmanteau, and it was put on him a few days before his death. His works, consisting of poems (among which his morning and evening hymns are universally known), sermons, and various treatises, were published in 1721.—B. H. C.
KENDAL, George, a theological writer of the seventeenth century, was a native of Dawlish in Devonshire. He studied at Oxford, became prebendary of Exeter and rector of a parish in Cornwall, but was ejected for nonconformity by Charles II., and died in 1663. He defended the doctrine of final perseverance in reply to John Goodwin, and vindicated absolute predestination.
KENDALL, G. W., was one of the first missionaries to New Zealand, where he was presented with a considerable tract of land by the chiefs of the Hokianga district. He settled in Bay of Islands in 1816, and applying himself to the study of the Maori language, he not only mastered it thoroughly, but acquired an intimate knowledge of the traditions of the island, and obtained in consequence great influence among the natives. In 1820 the Church Missionary Society published his "Grammar and Vocabulary of the New Zealand Language." On quitting New Zealand for England, Mr. Kendall transferred his territorial rights to Baron Thierry; a transaction which the natives, who understood that they had purchased the missionary's permanent residence among them with their gift of land, regarded as a breach of faith. Mr. Kendall again left Europe, and was for a time chaplain at Valparaiso. Thence he travelled to New South Wales, where he became a settler. In the year 1835 he was on his way to Sydney in a small coasting vessel laden with cedar-wood, when the ship foundered and Mr. Kendall was drowned. He is said to have spoken the Maori language so well, that the natives bowed to his decision in disputes concerning the meaning of words.—R. H.
KENDI or ALKENDI, a famous eclectic philosopher of Arabia, who flourished under the successors of Haroun Alraschid. He was acquainted with Greek, Persian, and other languages, and by command of Almamoun executed many translations into Arabic. More than two hundred works, embracing every variety of subject, have been ascribed to him. He died between 861 and 870.—D. W. R.
KENNAWAY, Sir John, an able officer and diplomatist in the service of the East India Company, was born at Exeter in 1758. At fourteen years of age he went out to India as a cadet, and in 1780 obtained a captain's commission. He acquired much skill in the native languages, and after serving in the Carnatic against Hyder Ali, was appointed aid-de-camp to Lord Cornwallis, who employed him in some important negotiations. As envoy to the court of Hyderabad in 1788, he obtained from the nizam the cession of Guntoor; and in 1792 he was the principal agent in negotiating the celebrated treaty with Tippoo Sultan, which cost that prince half his dominions, and upwards of three millions sterling by way of indemnity. For these important services Kennaway was created a baronet, and on his return to England in 1794 the East India Company granted him a handsome pension, which he enjoyed till his death in 1836.—G. BL.
KENNEDY, Grace, a Scottish authoress, of whom relatively to the popularity of her writings very little has been recorded, was the fourth daughter of the late Robert Kennedy of Pinmore, where she is said to have been born about 1782. Her career as an authoress began it seems in 1811. Between that year and the date of her death at Edinburgh, on the 28th of February, 1825, she published six or eight works which were extremely popular with a section of the religious public both at home and abroad. Foremost among them were "Anna Ross, or the orphan of Waterloo," and "Father Clement"—the latter a very striking tale of English Roman catholic life, written from a strongly protestant point of view, and of which a twelfth edition was published in 1858. Most of her writings were translated into French and two translations of her collective writings were published in Germany in 1843 and 1846.—F. E.
KENNEDY, James, Bishop of St. Andrews, was the younger son of Kennedy of Dunure, by his wife, daughter of Robert III. king of Scotland; and he was born about the year 1405 or 1406. He was early destined for the church, and was, according to the custom of his day, sent to the continent to complete his education. He devoted himself with great assiduity to the study of the classics, and of theology and the canon law, and was regarded as the most accomplished prelate of his day. In 1437 his uncle, James I., appointed him to the see of Dunkeld. He immediately set himself vigorously to reform the abuses which had crept into the church during the troublous times of the king's captivity in England, and took measures to compel his clergy faithfully to perform their duties. On the death of Bishop Wardlaw of St. Andrews in 1440, Kennedy was appointed his successor, and continued in that more important sphere the efforts which he had commenced in Dunkeld for the reform of the church. He was the confidential adviser of James II., who appointed him to the office of chancellor in 1445; and it was mainly through his sagacious counsels that the overgrown power of the house of Douglas was overthrown, and the internal tranquillity of the country restored.—(See Douglas, Family of.) On the death of James II. in 1460, Bishop Kennedy was appointed guardian of his young son, and conducted the affairs of the country with great prudence and moderation. His desire to further the industrial arts and commerce of Scotland was shown by his causing a remarkable ship to be constructed for trading purposes, at a cost of £10,000; while his erection and endowment of the college of St. Salvator at St. Andrews furnished a lasting memorial of his zeal in promoting education and literature. He died in 1466, and was buried in a magnificent tomb which he had constructed in the collegiate church of St. Andrews.—J. T.
KENNET, Basil, brother of the bishop of Peterborough, was born in 1674 at Postling in Kent, and studied at Oxford. In 1696 he published a learned work on "Roman Antiquities." In the following year he took orders, and in 1706 was appointed, through the influence of his brother, chaplain to the English factory at Leghorn. Failing health forced him to return to England, where he died of a slow fever at Oxford in 1714. Besides his "Roman Antiquities," he wrote "Lives and Characters of the Ancient Greek Poets," and an attempt towards a poetical paraphrase of the Psalms. He also translated the Thoughts of Pascal, Puffendorf on the Law of Nature and Nations, and some other works. A volume of his sermons, preached at Leghorn, was published after his death.—G. BL.
KENNET, White, Bishop of Peterborough, historian, antiquary, and controversialist, was the son of a clergyman of Kent, and born at Dover in the August of 1660. His father's surname was Kennet; White was his mother's maiden name, but why adopted by him does not appear. Educated at Westminster and Oxford, he began early his career of industrious authorship, literary and political. While an under-graduate, he published in 1680 a pamphlet which made some noise; and before he left the university, where he was a hard student, he had executed for the Oxford booksellers an English version of Erasmus on Folly, among others. The father of one of his college contemporaries presented him in 1684 to the vicarage of Ambrosden in Oxfordshire. Here he harboured Hickes, the Anglo-Saxon scholar, with whom he studied the northern languages, and whom he stimulated to the composition of the well-known Thesaurus. Leaving Ambrosden to become vice-principal and tutor of his
