examination before the queen and council they were acquitted. He died in London in 1585. He conformed to the protestant religion on the commencement of Elizabeth's reign.—J. F. W.
KILIAN: the name of a very distinguished family of engravers of Augsburg.—Lucas, 1579-1637, was the son of Bartolomæus Kilian, a goldsmith of Silesia, but settled in Augsburg, and was brought up by his stepfather Dominick Custos, an engraver; he studied also some time in Venice, and is distinguished for his portraits, which are very numerous.—Wolfgang, 1581-1662, after acquiring the first rudiments of his art from his stepfather, studied also in Venice, and executed some good prints there, but like his brother Lucas, he too had, owing to the troubled times, to devote himself almost exclusively to engraving portraits. His chief work is a print of the "Celebration of the Westphalian Peace at Augsburg in 1649," after a picture by Sandrart. It contains about fifty portraits.—Bartolomæus, a son of Wolfgang, 1630-96, studied first under his father, then under M. Merrian at Frankfort, and afterwards at Paris. He executed many good portraits.—Philip Andreas, the son of Georg Kilian, was born at Augsburg in 1714, and studied under the engraver G. M. Preissler in Nürnberg; he combined the merit of good drawing with that of skilful engraving to a much greater degree than any other of the family, and he was decidedly one of the most distinguished engravers of his time, though his execution is monotonous, and wants the expression of variety of colour. In 1744 he was made court engraver to Augustus III. of Poland, when he removed for a time to Dresden, and commenced there his greatest work, "Recueil d'Estampes d'àprès les plus célèbres tableaux de la Galerie de Dresde." Philip Kilian died in 1759. Heineken in his Nachrichten von Künstlern, &c., has enumerated twenty-one members of this family, of whom fourteen were engravers.—R. N. W.
KILIAN, Cornelius, for fifty years corrector of the press to Plantin at Antwerp, was born at Duffle in Brabant about 1530. His "Etymologeticon Teutonicæ Linguæ, sive Dictionarium Teutonico-Latinum," published at Antwerp in 1588, is much esteemed. He wrote some good Latin epigrams, was the author of various religious works, and translated Philip de Comines and Luigi Guicciardini into Flemish. He died in 1607.—D. W. R.
KILLIGREW, Henry, D.D., the youngest brother of Thomas and William, was born at Hanworth in 1612; educated at Christ church, Oxford. Taking orders, he was made chaplain to the army and afterwards to the duke of York. A prebendal stall at Westminster that had been conferred upon him was lost during the civil war, and given back at the Restoration. He possessed some of the family humour, and according to one anecdote excelled as a mimic. He wrote a volume of sermons, and one play, entitled "The Conspiracy," which having been published without his consent in 1638, he improved and republished in 1653, under the title of "Pallantus and Eudora."—R. H.
KILLIGREW, Thomas, dramatist and wit, was a younger son of Sir Robert Killigrew, and born at Hanworth in Middlesex in 1611. He was page of honour to Charles I., after whose death he became groom of the bedchamber to Charles II., and by his wit and drollery, a prime favourite of the merry monarch. During the exile of monarch and man, Killigrew wrote nine dramas in prose, dated from the principal cities of Europe. Once, and in spite of the remonstrances of his graver counsellors, Charles sent Killigrew as his resident to Venice, where his diplomacy consisted in borrowing money for his own use, and at last he was expelled from the territory of the republic. At the Restoration Killigrew became a prominent man about court and town. A sort of unofficial jester to the king, he could rebuke as well as amuse his majesty. On the authority of Cowley the poet, "who was by," Pepys records that once when state affairs were all awry, Killigrew had the boldness to say in the royal presence—"There is a good, honest, able man that I could name, that if your majesty would employ and command to see all things well executed, all things would soon be mended. And this is one Charles Stewart, who now spends his time in employing his lips about the court, and hath no other employment. But if you would give him this employment, he were the fittest man in the world to perform it." Pepys also testifies to Killigrew's zeal for the improvement of the English taste for music, and to his efforts to establish an Italian opera in London. At the Restoration Killigrew was at the head of one of the two companies of players allowed to perform—the king's servants—and in the April of 1663 opened the first theatre erected on the site of the present Drury Lane. His collected "Comedies and Tragedies" were published in one volume in 1664. They are very dreary performances, without a sparkle of the wit for which he was socially famous. Killigrew died in 1692, and was buried in Westminster abbey by the side of Ben Jonson.—F. E.
KILLIGREW, Sir William, the eldest brother of the preceding, was born at Hanworth in 1605; was educated at St. John's college, Oxford; became governor of Pendennis castle and Falmouth haven; served Charles I. faithfully in the civil war; and at the Restoration was appointed vice-chamberlain to Charles II.'s queen. This office he held twenty-two years, and on resigning it in his ninetieth, he published "Artless Midnight Thoughts." For the long quaint title see Lowndes' Manual, where also are given the titles of five plays by the same author.—R. H.
KILMARNOCK, Earls of. See Boyd.
KILWARDEBY, Robert, appointed archbishop of Canterbury in 1272, was made a cardinal in 1277, and died in 1279. He left some works in MS., but none of them were ever printed.
KILWARDEN, Arthur Wolfe, Viscount, was born in the county of Kildare, 30th January, 1739. After graduating in Trinity college, Dublin, he was called to the bar in 1766, at which he soon acquired a high reputation; obtained the rank of king's counsel, and became a leader. In 1787 he was appointed solicitor-general of Ireland, and in 1789 attorney-general. Meantime his talent attracted the attention of Lord Tyrone, through whose influence he obtained a seat in the Irish house of commons, as member for Coleraine, in 1784, and continued in parliament till 1798. He was appointed chief justice of the king's bench in 1798, and created Baron Kilwarden. Two years later he was advanced to the dignity of viscount, and made vice-chancellor of the university in 1802. But the chief historical interest attaches to Lord Kilwarden from the circumstances attending his death. On the evening of the 23rd of July, 1803, Lord Kilwarden, as was his custom, was returning from his country house in Kildare to sleep in Dublin. At nine o'clock Robert Emmet and his conspirators had risen in arms with the intention of seizing on the castle. In Thomas Street they met Lord Kilwarden's carriage, which they stopped. One of the party plunged his pike into the chief justice; the carriage was rifled, his nephew put to death, and his daughter providentially saved from a like fate by a man who is said to have been Emmet himself. Kilwarden was found lying on the pavement mortally wounded, and was conveyed to the watch-house in Vicars Street, where he died. His last words were—"Let no man suffer for my death but on a fair trial, and by the laws of his country." No man was ever less deserving of such a fate. Candid, humane, and just, both as a public prosecutor and a judge, he administered the law with moderation and mercy. "A man," says Dr. Madden, "who in the worst of times preserved a religious veneration for the laws."—J. F. W.
KIMBER, Isaac, an English nonconformist writer and divine, was born at Wantage in Berkshire in 1692. He received instructions first at his native place, and afterwards came to London and attended the lectures at Gresham college and the dissenting academy. In 1724 he was invited to Nantwich as pastor of a church; but three years later he resigned and came to London, where he became minister of a chapel in Artillery Lane. He was mainly occupied on literary work, and owes his reputation chiefly to his "Life of Cromwell." He also wrote two volumes of a "History of England;" an "Abridgment of the History of England;" a "Life of Bishop Beveridge" prefixed to the folio edition of his works. His death occurred in 1758.—Edward Kimber, his son, was also a literary compiler, and published peerages of Scotland and Ireland; a baronetage of England; a history of England; and "The Adventures of Joe Thompson." He died in 1769.—B. H. C.
KIMCHI, David, a celebrated Spanish rabbi, is believed to have flourished at Narbonne in 1190, although Harduin places him in the sixteenth century. He is said to have acted with great prudence as arbiter in a dispute which arose among the French and Spanish synagogues about a work of Maimonides, entitled the Leader of the Perplexed. In this work some found heretical principles, and condemned it; but others found only what was strictly orthodox. Kimchi leaned towards the side of Maimonides, and gradually succeeded in bringing the synagogues, to something like agreement on the subject. It is admitted by all that David Kimchi was profoundly versed in the Hebrew tongue, and of all the Jewish grammarians he has been most followed, not only by Jews but by Christians, who for a long time
