lished in 1662. He was the first to construct an available speaking-trumpet, the weight of evidence being decidedly against Kircher's claims to priority in that invention, and similar credit may be allowed him in the case of the fire-engine. The best authority for Morland's biography, &c., is a thin volume, A brief account of the Life, Writings, and Inventions of Sir Samuel Morland, printed (but not published) anonymously, by M. J. O. Halliwell in 1838.—F. E.
MORLEY, George, successively bishop of Worcester and Winchester, was born in London in 1597. Educated at Westminster and Oxford he entered the church, became chaplain to Lord Carnarvon, and was appointed chaplain-in-ordinary to Charles I. Although a Calvinist he was staunch in his adherence to the king, and in 1648 was deprived. On the execution of Charles, upon whom he had been in personal attendance, he retired to the continent. After the Restoration he was made bishop of Worcester and then of Winchester. He was a benefactor to his see and to his Alma Mater, the university of Oxford, and died at his episcopal residence, Farnham castle, in 1684. One of Dr. Morley's chief claims to remembrance is his patronage of Isaac Walton, who lived with the bishop for several years at Farnham, where he wrote his Lives, gratefully dedicating them to his hospitable friend.—F. E.
* MORLEY, Henry, author and journalist, born in 1822, and educated at Neuwied and King's college, London, began his career as an author by publishing in 1848 a volume of poems, "Sunrise in Italy," &c. In the previous year he had issued at Madeley in Shropshire, where he then practised medicine, a little "Tract upon Health" for cottage circulation. His first book of mark was his "Life of Palissy the Potter," 1852; followed by lives of Jerome Cardan, 1854, and of Cornelius Agrippa—the three forming a striking, interesting, and original trilogy of biographies of scholars and workers of the sixteenth century. In 1859 appeared his instructive and entertaining "Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair," a contribution to the history of popular amusements. Mr. Morley contributed to Mr. Dickens' Household Words the sketches, essays, and verses collected as "Gossip," in 1857. His "Defence of Ignorance," 1851, and "How to make Home unhealthy," 1850, are pleadings for education and sanitary reform, ironical in title and tone, the latter work being republished anonymously from the Examiner, of which Mr. Morley is now editor.—F. E.
MORLEY, Thomas, a celebrated musician, was born about the year 1570, and is supposed to have died in 1604. He was one of the gentlemen of Queen Elizabeth's chapel, and a disciple of William Byrd, for whom he ever entertained the highest reverence. He obtained a bachelor's degree in 1688, and published his first work, "Canzonets, or little short songs to three voices," in 1593. The titles of his various works are given in Dr. Rimbault's Bibliotheca Madrigaliana. He is best known by his treatise, entitled "A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practical Musicke," first printed in 1597. This interesting work is divided into three parts—the first teaching to sing; the second, treating of descant or the method of composing, or singing on a plain song; and the third, on composition in three and more parts. Each of the three parts of this book is a several and distinct dialogue, wherein a master, his scholar, and a person competently skilled in music, are the interlocutors; and in the course of their conversation, so many little particulars occur relating to the manners of the times, as render the perusal of the book in a great degree entertaining to those who are unacquainted with the subject of it. This work was translated into German by John Caspar Trost, a profound musician, and organist of St. Martin's church, Halberstadt. It was published in folio under the title of "Musica Practica."—E. F. R.
MORNAY, Philip de, commonly called Du Plessis-Mornay, baron of La Forêt-sur-Sevre, and Seigneur Du Plessis Marly, a distinguished French protestant nobleman, was born in 1549 at Buhi in Vexin. His mother brought him up in the tenets of the reformed faith, and he adhered to them during his life. In 1567 he joined the army during those civil wars which desolated France. But he quitted the army after no very long time, and, retiring first to Geneva, and then to Heidelberg, gave himself up to the study of jurisprudence. Visiting England after a lengthened tour through Italy and the north of Europe, he was graciously received by Queen Elizabeth, and congratulated on his attachment to protestantism. When Henry of Navarre put himself forward as the Huguenot leader, De Mornay joined his standard, and fought in all the campaigns against the league. But when Henry in 1593 conformed to secure his throne, and publicly abjured his protestantism, his privy counsellor and gallant compeer in arms resigned all connection with the royal renegade. He spent in virtual retirement the remainder of his life, earning his highest distinction by the works which he published. In 1578 he had already published "On the Church," and the next year added a volume, "On the Truth of Christianity." Four years after he had quitted the camp of Henry, or in 1598, he published an able and erudite book in defence of the Calvinistic theory of the eucharist, and against transubstantiation. Seven years afterwards, he was so bold as to publish on the papacy, as the "Mystery of Iniquity." De Mornay was a man of high religious character, an ornament to his order in society, sincere and conscientious in seeking and holding the truth. He died in 1623 at the château of La Forêt in Poictou, where he had taken up his abode two years previously, having been set aside from a provincial government by Louis XIII.—J. E.
MORNINGTON, Garret, first earl of, a distinguished musician, was born in Ireland about the year 1720, succeeded his father Richard Colley Wellesley, in the barony of Mornington in 1758, and was advanced to the dignities of Viscount Wellesley and earl of Mornington in 1760. This nobleman, the Hon. Daines Barrington in his Miscellanies informs us, furnishes an early instance of attention to musical instruments. "His father played well, for a gentleman, on the violin, which always delighted the child while in his nurse's arms, and long before he could speak. Nor did this proceed from a love, common to all children, of a sprightly noise, as may appear by the following proof. Dubourg, who was thirty years age, i.e. in 1751, a distinguished performer on that instrument, happened to be at the family seat, but the child would not permit him to take the violin from his father till his little hands were held. After having heard Dubourg, however, the case was altered, and there was much more difficulty to persuade him to let Dubourg give the instrument back to his father. Nor would the infant ever afterwards permit the father to play whilst Dubourg was in the house." At about nine years of age he learned to play two catches on the violin, and soon after was able to take the second violin in Corelli's sonatas. His first composition was a minuet, his next a duet f or the French horns. At fourteen he commenced playing on the harpsichord, and at nearly the same time, his father having declared his intention to have an organ for his chapel, the young amateur set about qualifying himself as organist, and in less than a year and a half sat down and played an extempore fugue, to the astonishment of all who heard him. "In process of time," says Mr. Barrington, "his lordship was so distinguished for his musical abilities, that the university of Dublin conferred on him the degree of doctor in music." At the same time he was also made professor of that faculty to the university. His lordship died in 1781, and was succeeded by Richard Marquis Wellesley. The glory that encircles his name derives its highest lustre from the acts of one of his own immediate progeny. The great Arthur, duke of Wellington, was his son. Lord Mornington's compositions are chiefly vocal; some he wrote for the church, but he most excelled in the glee style. "Here in cool grot;" "Gently hear me, charming maid;" "Come, fairest nymph;" "O! bird of eve," are pieces of vocal harmony of great beauty.—E. F. R.
MORNY, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, Count de, president of the French corps legislatif, was born at Paris in 1811. Report assigned him a close blood-relationship with the emperor of the French. Entering the army in 1830, he served in Algiers with distinction. In 1838 he exchanged the sword for the ploughshare, turned agriculturist, and established a large beet-root manufactory in the department of Puy-de-Dome. In 1842 he entered the chamber of deputies, and spoke chiefly in discussions on financial and industrial subjects. At the Revolution of the year 1848 he was returned to the legislative assembly, and supported the policy of the prince-president. Count de Morny co-operated in the coup d'êtat, as minister of the interior, and was active in establishing the new order of things. With Fould and others he resigned in the January of 1852, after the confiscation of the Orleans property, but in November, 1854, was appointed president of the corps legislatif. In 1856 he went to Russia to represent France at the coronation of the Emperor Alexander, and before returning home married a Russian lady, the Princess Troubeskoi, by whom he had four children. He died on the 10th of March, 1865.—F. E.
