peculiar humour which delighted a section of his contemporaries. His poems were admitted into the Collections; and there is a brief biography of him in Johnson's Lives of the Poets. But even the tory Johnson admits that "to relish King's writings, their readers must sympathize with King's opinions."—F. E.
KING, William, an English author, born at Stepney, near London, in 1685. He studied at Balliol college, Oxford, and in 1718 Lord Arran, the chancellor, appointed him principal of St. Mary's hall. This office he resigned on becoming a candidate for a seat in parliament. Esteemed for wit and learning, he wrote a poem, the "Toast;" an "Apology;" and published five volumes of South's sermons.—P. E. D.
* KINGLAKE, Alexander William, author of "Eothen," is the eldest son of the late Mr. William Kinglake (formerly a solicitor) of Wilton house, Taunton, where he was born in 1809. Educated at Eton and Trinity college, Cambridge, on leaving the university he was entered of Lincoln's inn, and in 1837 was called to the bar. Soon afterwards, he made the tour in the East, commemorated in "Eothen." That brilliant and racy book was "declined" by its present publisher Mr. Murray, among others, and was issued in 1844 by a comparatively obscure bibliopole in Pall Mall. The success of "Eothen" was immediate, and it may be said to have created a genre in the literature of travel. Another book was long looked for from the pen of the author of "Eothen," but none came, although now and then his hand was visible in the pages of the Quarterly Review. Mr. Kinglake seemed to prefer politics to literature. In 1852 he appealed unsuccessfully, on ultra-liberal principles, to the electors of Bridgewater; but was more successful in the April of 1857, when he entered the house of commons as member for that borough. In "the house" Mr. Kinglake has distinguished himself by his opposition to what he considers the encroaching policy of the emperor of the French. On the breaking out of the Russian war, he accompanied the British army to the East, and has since been engaged in the composition of a "History of the War in the Crimea."—F. E.
* KINGSLEY, Charles, was born on the 12th of June, 1819, at Holme vicarage, Devonshire, the residence of his father, the Rev. Charles Kingsley, senior, who afterwards became rector of Chelsea. Mr. Kingsley's early education was a private one, the Rev. Derwent Coleridge, son of the poet, being among his instructors. He was for a time a student of King's college, London, from which he proceeded to Magdalen college, Cambridge. There he held a scholarship, was a prizeman, senior opt. in mathematics, and took a first class in classics, graduating B.A. in 1842. He is said to have been originally intended for the profession of the law; but during the year in which he took his B.A. degree he was ordained a deacon, and in 1843 a priest. He began his clerical career as curate at Eversley, a moorland parish in Hampshire, of which he became rector in 1844. Of his earlier pulpit oratory a specimen is afforded in his "Village Sermons," published in 1849, marked by a peculiar homely earnestness and enforcing, like most of Mr. Kingsley's pulpit discourses, the translation, so to speak, of religion into daily life. After four years of zealous parochial activity, Mr. Kingsley published his "Saint's Tragedy," a dramatic poem founded on the story of St. Elizabeth of Hungary, and partly intended as a tribute to the worth of some forms of mediæval asceticism. The "Saint's Tragedy" was preceded by a preface from the pen of the Rev. F. D. Maurice, Mr. Kingsley's friend and fellow-worker. From the study and portraiture of the saint life of the middle ages, Mr. Kingsley was recalled to a stormy and chaotic present by the European revolution of 1848, the revival of chartism, and the revelations of the Morning Chronicle respecting the condition of the lower strata of the working population of England. The composition of "Yeast, a problem," published in Fraser's Magazine (republished in 1856), belongs to this period. The title indicates the epoch and the character of the work—one in which, on a limited canvass, are painted side by side the spiritual perplexities of a certain higher class of minds, and the in many respects menacing aspects of the rural population as it then was. It was to delineate, in the fictitious autobiography of a man of genius born and bred among themselves, the sufferings, sins, virtues, and aspirations of the working-classes of our large towns that Mr. Kingsley addressed himself in his next novel, "Alton Locke, tailor and poet," 1850; a startling work, in which the influence of Carlyle's manner and matter is very visible. From writing, Mr. Kingsley proceeded to action. Having in his "Cheap Clothes and Nasty," 1850, under the pseudonym of "Parson Lot," denounced the iniquities of the sweating-system, Mr. Kingsley aided in founding the Working Tailors' Association, of which the members were to be at once workmen and partners; the necessary capital being lent to them at a very moderate rate of interest by friends of the working-classes interested in the success of the experiment. In his advocacy of the scheme Mr. Kingsley sought to base it on religion, and the doctrine of co-operation as preached by him received the name of "Christian socialism," To this period belongs his sermon "The Message of the work to labouring men." His "Sermons on National subjects, preached in a village church," and in which themes new to the pulpit were discussed, appeared in 1852—the date of a little dialogue on a classic model, "Phaethon, or loose thoughts for loose thinkers," directed in the interest of orthodoxy against the Emersonian school. Meanwhile was proceeding in Fraser's Magazine the publication of one of Mr. Kingsley's most elaborate fictions, "Hypatia," the scene of which is laid in the Alexandria of the sixth century, and which delineates with a living dramatic interest the conflicts between christianity, the neo-platonism of the schools, and a dying, but still ferocious paganism. The writings and biographies of the neo-platonists Mr. Kingsley seems to have made a subject of special study, returning to them in his "Alexandria and her Schools," 1857, the substance of lectures delivered in 1854 before the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution. Mr. Kingsley's latest fictions are "Westward, Ho!" 1855, a tale of the Elizabethan time and of adventure in the western world, and in 1857, "Two Years Ago," a novel of contemporary English life. In 1855, he broke new ground by the publication of "Glaucus, or the wonders of the shore," in which the natural history of the beach was discussed with enthusiasm and precision. Besides some volumes of sermons, he has also published "The Heroes, or Greek fairy tales for my children," 1856; "Andromeda and other poems," 1858; and prefixed a sketch of his friend, the author's life, to Mansfield's Paraguay, 1856; editing, in 1859, with a biographical preface, a resuscitation of Henry Brooke's Fool of Quality. His "Miscellanies," chiefly contributions to Fraser's Magazine and to the North British Review, were published with that title in 1859. Mr. Kingsley is one of the chaplains-in-ordinary to her Majesty, and succeeded Sir James Stephen as regius professor of modern history at Cambridge. He married in 1844 a daughter of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., long M.P. for Truro and Great Marlowe, a lady whose sister was the wife of Mr. Froude the historian.—F. E.
KINGSMILL, Andrew, an eminent puritan preacher, was born at Sidmonton in Hampshire in 1538, and was educated in Corpus Christi college, Oxford. In 1558 he was elected a fellow of All Souls college, and applied himself for some time to the study of civil law; but having relinquished that study for divinity, and entered into orders, he became one of the most esteemed preachers of the university. At the beginning of Elizabeth's reign the Marian persecution had left only three eminent protestant preachers at Oxford, and Kingsmill was one of the three, the other two being Sampson and Humphrey. But the queen was of opinion that even three such preachers were too many, for they were all puritans. When Sampson lost the deanery of Christ Church, and Humphrey was disallowed from preaching even in Bishop Jewel's diocese, Kingsmill left the kingdom, and withdrew first to Geneva, where he lived for three years, and afterwards to Lausanne, where he died in 1569. Several of his writings were published after his death, including "A View of Man's Estate, wherein the great mercy of God in man's free justification is showed," 1574; and "An Excellent and Comfortable Treatise for all such as are in any manner of way troubled in mind, or afflicted in body," 1578.—P. L.
* KINKEL, Gottfried, a distinguished German poet and political character, was born at Oberkassel, near Bonn, 11th August, 1815, and studied theology at Bonn and Berlin. He then travelled in Italy and began lecturing at Bonn, where at the same time he became an assistant minister, but was dismissed from the latter office on his marriage in 1843 with a Roman catholic, who had been divorced from her former husband. This was Johanna Kinkel, born 8th July, 1807, at Bonn, where her father, Mockel, was a professor in the gymnasium. She had been married in 1823 to M. Matthieux, a publisher at Cologne, but in 1840 was divorced for incompatibility. In 1846 Kinkel was appointed professor extraordinary of the history of
