to be a disbanded officer in great poverty. Roscommon gratefully gave up his own commission to this worthy gentleman, having obtained the duke of Ormond's consent. Returning to London, he was made master of the horse to the duchess of York, and gave up much of his time and attention to literature. He wrote a rhymed "Essay on Translated Verse," which abounds in sensible remarks well expressed. He also published various odes, prologues, and epilogues. Refinement of language and smoothness of versification were not his only merits at a time when the English muse was sadly debauched, a time which Pope thus characterized—
" Unhappy Dryden! in all Charles's days
Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays."
The earl formed a project for a society like that of the Della Cruscans for the improvement of the language, but the reign of James II. interfered with all schemes of that nature. He died in 1684, repeating on his deathbed two lines of his own version of Dies Iræ:—
" My God, my Father, and my Friend,
Do not forsake me in my end."—R. H.
ROSE, George, a well known politician, was the son of an episcopal clergyman at Brechin in Forfarshire, and was born there in 1744. At the age of four he was adopted by an uncle, who educated and sent him to sea. After making two voyages to the East Indies, serving in the Channel as a midshipman, and being twice wounded, he quitted the navy in 1762, and obtained a clerkship in the record office. He was introduced to a circle of influential friends by his countryman, Alexander Strachan, at whose house he habitually enjoyed the society of Hume, Dr. Johnson, Armstrong, and other men of letters. His good manners, his integrity, and remarkable business talents attracted the attention of the earl of Marchmont, the chairman of the lords' committee for printing the journals of the house and the rolls of parliament in 1772, who found that Mr. Rose was the only clerk in the office competent to superintend the work. The earl eventually made Mr. Rose sole executor for his English property, and bequeathed to him his books and papers. On his lordship's recommendation, too, he was in 1772, at the age of twenty-eight, appointed joint keeper of the records with Mr. Farrar, at whose death he was left in sole possession of the office. Four years afterwards he was appointed secretary to the board of taxes, a situation for life. He was constantly consulted during Lord Rockingham's short administration, and when Lord Shelburne became premier Rose was appointed secretary to the treasury, an office which he filled from 1782 to 1801, excepting during an interval of a few months. At this stage he obtained the reversion of the office of clerk of the parliaments, then the chief object of his ambition. When Mr. Pitt became prime minister Mr. Rose was again appointed secretary of the treasury, and was afterwards appointed master of the pleas in the court of exchequer, a permanent office. He was at this juncture returned to parliament for Launceston, then for Lymington, and ultimately for Christ Church, which he represented during the greater part of his political life. He went out of office with Mr. Pitt in 1801, but returned with him in 1804, when he was made joint paymaster-general of the forces, and vice-president of the board of trade. He resigned these offices on the death of Mr. Pitt in 1806, but in the following year resumed the latter along with the treasurership of the navy, which he continued to hold till his death in 1818. He was offered by Mr. Perceval, but declined, a seat in the cabinet, with the office of chancellor of the exchequer. Mr. Rose's honours and preferments were fairly earned, for he was a hard-working, intelligent, and conscientious public servant. He had no brilliant talents or powers of eloquence, but he was a sagacious, shrewd, upright, eminently practical, and most useful man of business, with a kind and generous heart. He was devotedly attached to Mr. Pitt, whose minor patronage he dispensed, and whose confidence and respect he enjoyed to the last. He published "Observations on the Historical Work of the late Right Hon. Charles James Fox," &c.—a treatise which was criticized with merited severity in the Edinburgh Review. He was also the author of a number of pamphlets and speeches. Mr. Rose was the grandfather of the distinguished General Sir Hugh Rose.—(The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, &c., 3 vols. 1860.)—J. T.
* ROSE, Gustav, a younger brother of Heinrich, was born at Berlin in 1798. He studied mineralogy and chemistry under Berzelius, and became professor of mineralogy at the university of Berlin, and keeper of the mineralogical department at the Berlin museum. In 1828 he accompanied Humboldt and Ehrenberg, on their scientific expedition to Siberia and central Asia. He has given an account of this journey in a work entitled "Reise nach dem Oural."—J. W. S.
* ROSE, Heinrich, probably the most eminent chemical analyst who has yet appeared, was born in Berlin in 1795. His grandfather and his father had both been in their turns distinguished chemists, so that the family furnishes a rare instance of hereditary talent. Rose studied pharmacy in the public laboratory at Dantzic, and afterwards scientific chemistry at the university of Berlin; at that of Upsala, under the direction of the great Berzelius; and finally at Kiel. In 1823 he became extraordinary professor of chemistry at the university of Berlin, and in 1835 was promoted to the chief chemical chair there, which he still fills. To give a detailed account of his researches and discoveries, would be in fact to write a history of the progress of chemical analysis for the last forty years. His great work on chemical analysis has gone through seven editions in Germany, and has been translated into English by Griffin in 1831, and Normandy in 1847, and into French by Peligot.—J. W. S.
ROSE, Hugh James, a learned English divine and miscellaneous writer, was born in 1795, and was educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he gained high academical honours, and took his degree in 1817. He entered into holy orders in the following year, and became curate of Uckfield in Surrey. He was presented to the vicarage of Horsham in 1821, and subsequently became in succession select preacher at Cambridge (1825), a prebendary of Chichester, christian advocate at Cambridge (1829), and rector of Hadleigh (1830). He exchanged this living in 1833 for those of Fairsted and Weeley in Esses, and the latter for the small benefice of St. Thomas', Southwark, which he retained till his death. In 1833 he was appointed to the divinity chair in the university of Durham, in the following year was nominated domestic chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury, and in 1836 was elected principal of King's college, London. He died at Florence in 1838 in the forty-third year of his age. Mr. Rose was a learned and zealous clergyman, and an able and voluminous writer. Besides a large number of sermons, lectures on divinity and controversial discourses, and articles, he was the author of "Remarks on Marsh's Horæ Pelasgicæ; Inscriptiones Græcæ Vetustissimæ," &c. He prepared new editions of Parkhurst's Greek Lexicon, and of Middleton on the Greek Article. He was editor of the British Magazine and of the Encyclopædia Metropolitana, was joint editor with Archdeacon Lyell of the Theological Library, and projected the Biographical Dictionary which bears his name.—J. T.
ROSE, Samuel, one of the biographers of Goldsmith, was born in 1767 at Chiswick, where his father, Dr. William Rose, was at the head of an academy. He studied at Glasgow university; and after attending the courts of law at Edinburgh, entered Lincoln's inn as a student. He was admitted to the bar in 1796, and died in 1804.
ROSEINGRAVE, Thomas, a musician, was the son of one of the vicars choral of St. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin, under whom he received the first rudiments of his musical education. As he exhibited early indications of musical genius, the chapter of St. Patrick's allowed him a pension to enable him to travel into other countries for improvement. He accordingly went to Rome in the year 1710. How long he continued abroad is not exactly known; but in 1720 he appears to have had some concern in the management of the opera in the Haymarket, London; for in that year he brought upon the stage, with some additional songs of his own, the opera of Narcissus, written by Rolli, and set to music by Dominico Scarlatti. In 1725, an organ having been erected at the new church of St. George, Hanover Square, he was appointed the organist. Roseingrave was a fine performer on the harpsichord, and claims the merit of having been the first to introduce the fine works of Alessandro Scarlatti to the English public, many of which he edited and published. He died in 1750.—E. F. R.
ROSELLINI, Ippolito, Cavaliere, illustrator of Egyptian antiquities, born in Pisa on 13th August, 1800; died 4th June, 1843. Being the son of a merchant, he was originally designed for commerce; but having become imbued with antiquarian tastes under the tutorship of the learned professor. Padre Battini, he adopted the more suitable career of research and authorship. Having studied in the university of Pisa, and made
